{"id":82214,"date":"2024-06-06T22:22:22","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T20:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=82214"},"modified":"2024-06-06T23:26:42","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T21:26:42","slug":"les-dones-pensem-en-limperi-roma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/les-dones-pensem-en-limperi-roma\/","title":{"rendered":"Les dones pensem en l\u2019Imperi rom\u00e0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fa cosa d\u2019un any enrere m\u00e9s o menys es va fer viral la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 sobre per qu\u00e8 els homes pensen sovint en l\u2019Imperi rom\u00e0 i va ser molt comentada a les xarxes per tot el que significava sobretot respecte a un tipus de masculinitat dominant en la nostra cultura d\u2019home blanc occidental.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobre aquesta \u201ccuriositat sociol\u00f2gica\u201d van sortir molts articles perqu\u00e8 la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 permetia comentaris de tota mena, m\u00e9s o menys elaborats, pel que fa als coneixements que, en general, tenim de l\u2019Imperi rom\u00e0. Els m\u00e9s nombrosos sobretot criticaven les falses imatges de les pel\u00b7l\u00edcules de romans que ens han anat arribant amb pretensions de versemblan\u00e7a. Altres justificaven aquest inter\u00e8s mascul\u00ed per l\u2019Imperi rom\u00e0 argumentant que rau sobretot en el fet de destacar la for\u00e7a de l\u2019ex\u00e8rcit rom\u00e0, les lluites de gladiadors, els aq\u00fceductes, la idea del pater familias<\/em> i la matrona romana i en ser l\u2019origen de la civilitzaci\u00f3 actual sobre les bases del sistema patriarcal i amb models masculins dominants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Despr\u00e9s d\u2019haver fet aquesta introducci\u00f3, m\u2019adono que \u00e9s una esp\u00e8cie de captatio benevolentiae cr\u00edtica sobre l\u2019actualitat per a justificar que us parli d\u2019uns llibres de tema cl\u00e0ssic, escrits per autores dedicades a la hist\u00f2ria, pensament i filologia cl\u00e0ssica. Comen\u00e7o per dir que \u00e9s una tria a l\u2019atzar, significativa per a mi que s\u00f3c una professora de Cl\u00e0ssiques ja jubilada que no us puc assegurar que, si m\u2019enyoro de la professi\u00f3, un altre dia no torni a escriure sobre aquest tema de la tradici\u00f3 cl\u00e0ssica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recordo que, pels anys 80, de manera aleshores heterodoxa, jo vaig comen\u00e7ar a introduir les novel\u00b7letes hist\u00f2riques de tema cl\u00e0ssic a les meves classes de llat\u00ed sota la dita que ens recorda que \u201ctots els camins porten a Roma\u201d. Considerava i considero que les novel\u00b7les hist\u00f2riques ambientades a l\u2019antiguitat poden ajudar a motivar l\u2019aprenentatge de les lleng\u00fces cl\u00e0ssiques i a valorar la continu\u00eftat de la tradici\u00f3. A m\u00e9s \u00e9s un g\u00e8nere amb obres per a totes les edats i en el qual destaquen autores excel\u00b7lents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Si ara estigu\u00e9s en actiu, segur que aprofitaria i proposaria al meu alumnat la lectura d\u2019alguna obra de Lindsey Davis<\/strong> (1949), una escriptora anglesa, autora d\u2019una fant\u00e0stica col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de novel\u00b7les d\u2019intriga ambientades a la Roma cl\u00e0ssica. \u00c9s una autora a qui agrada molt fer recerca i documentar-se per a oferir una bona ambientaci\u00f3 de l\u2019\u00e8poca en les seves obres. El protagonista d\u2019una vintena de les seves novel\u00b7les \u00e9s un investigador privat Marc Didio Falco<\/a>. Des del 2013, Davis va comen\u00e7ar una altra s\u00e8rie de novel\u00b7les que tenen com a protagonista Flavia Albia, jove v\u00eddua que \u00e9s la filla adoptiva de l\u2019investigador i que segueix la professi\u00f3 del seu pare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les obres de Linsey Davis s\u00f3n grans best-sellers internacionals i entre els premis que ha rebut justament hi ha el Barcino de Novel\u00b7la hist\u00f2rica de la Ciutat de Barcelona de l\u2019any 2013, atorgat pel conjunt de la seva obra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A la biblioteca del Centre de documentaci\u00f3 de Ca la dona, tenim quatre llibres de l\u2019autora: A los leones, La carrera del honor, La plata de Britania i Una virgen de m\u00e1s<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara que estem en una \u00e8poca continuada d\u2019eleccions potser el llibre m\u00e9s adient per a llegir seria Mater familias (Deadly Election t\u00edtol originari en angl\u00e8s) on Flavia Albia segueix les pistes del seu cas que \u00e9s el d\u2019un cad\u00e0ver trobat en un bagul que anava a subhastar, per\u00f2 combinant-ho amb l\u2019ajuda i el seguiment del seu amic Manli Faust<\/strong> que \u00e9s el responsable de la campanya electoral d\u2019un dels candidats a edil de la ciutat on la tensi\u00f3 \u00e9s gran i els obstacles de la investigaci\u00f3 nombrosos, com segurament era en \u00e8poca de l\u2019emperador Domici\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Canviem de registre i ens apropem a l\u2019\u00e0mbit universitari i ara us presento Winifred Mary Beard<\/strong>, (1955), catedr\u00e0tica d\u2019estudis cl\u00e0ssics a la Universitat de Cambridge i que tamb\u00e9 ha estat professora al King\u2019s College d\u2019Oxford i professora visitant a la Universitat de Calif\u00f2rnia a Berkeley. \u00c9s una gran especialista sobre l\u2019antiguitat <\/a>i una intel\u00b7lectual molt influent, autora d\u2019obres de refer\u00e8ncia i tamb\u00e9 una destacada feminista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ha estat guanyadora del Premi Princesa d\u2019Ast\u00faries<\/a> de Ci\u00e8ncies Socials de 2016, i ha estat investida Doctora Honoris Causa a la Universitat Carlos III de Madrid, i a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya el 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les obres seves que tenim a la biblioteca del Centre de Documentaci\u00f3 de Ca la dona s\u00f3n SPQR. Una historia de la Antigua Roma i La veu i el poder de les dones en catal\u00e0 i tamb\u00e9 l\u2019original angl\u00e8s Women and power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta \u00faltima obra en defensa de la veu p\u00fablica de les dones \u00e9s un manifest en forma de dues confer\u00e8ncies. A partir de l\u2019escena de l\u2019Odissea hom\u00e8rica en qu\u00e8 Tel\u00e8mac fa callar la seva mare Pen\u00e8lope<\/strong>, Beard analitza l\u2019exclusi\u00f3 de les dones de l\u2019esfera p\u00fablica en les societats occidentals des de l\u2019antiguitat fins a l\u2019actualitat i assenyala quins s\u00f3n els fonaments culturals d\u2019aquesta discriminaci\u00f3 de les dones en el m\u00f3n laboral i pol\u00edtic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I per \u00faltim cal que confessi la meva admiraci\u00f3 per Martha Nussbaum<\/strong>(1947) que \u00e9s una fil\u00f2sofa estatunidenca especialista en filosofia antiga<\/a>, interessada per l\u2019ensenyament de les humanitats<\/a> i la seva relaci\u00f3 amb l\u2019\u00e8tica<\/a> i la pol\u00edtica<\/a>. Va estudiar lleng\u00fces cl\u00e0ssiques i es doctor\u00e0 l\u2019any 1975 a Harvard on ha estat professora i tamb\u00e9 a la Universitat de Xicago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la d\u00e8cada del 1980, Nussbaum va col\u00b7laborar amb l\u2019economista Amartya Sen <\/a>en l\u2019estudi sobre la problem\u00e0tica de la relaci\u00f3 entre el desenvolupament econ\u00f2mic i l\u2019\u00e8tica. Va desenvolupar el concepte de capacitaci\u00f3 (capability approach) que \u00e9s la conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia del desenvolupament que permet fer cr\u00e9ixer les \u201cllibertats fonamentals\u201d. Si llegiu la ressenya que vaig dedicar al seu llibre Mujeres y desarrollo <\/a>humano a la revista Lectora, veureu el meu entusiasme pels seus plantejaments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nussbaum <\/strong>\u00e9s una especialista en filosofia grega antiga i molts dels seus treballs es presenten des d\u2019una perspectiva aristot\u00e8lica i sobretot socr\u00e0tica perqu\u00e8 proposa fer servir l\u2019esperit cr\u00edtic i la pregunta com a eines fonamentals de l\u2019ensenyament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pel que fa al feminismeAmaertya S, defensa la igualtat de drets dins del feminisme<\/a> cl\u00e0ssic i un aspecte m\u00e9s controvertit de la seva aportaci\u00f3 \u00e9s que va tenir una pol\u00e8mica molt significativa amb Judith Butler<\/a> sobre el significat del concepte de \u201cg\u00e8nere\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un altre punt significatiu del seu pensament radica en la import\u00e0ncia de l\u2019emoci\u00f3 en la formaci\u00f3 de la personalitat. Si es fomenten els sentiments positius augmenta la cohesi\u00f3 social i tamb\u00e9 l\u2019assumpci\u00f3 de la indefensi\u00f3 com a natural en l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 ajuda a fomentar els lligams intergrupals i la just\u00edcia, basada en l\u2019empatia i en el reconeixement de la dignitat humana de tothom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja veieu que, com molt sovint passa, no contesto la pregunta plantejada en el t\u00edtol. De fet, ja he dit que era una excusa per presentar unes dones excepcionals, bones coneixedores del m\u00f3n cl\u00e0ssic i per tant de l\u2019Imperi rom\u00e0, que posen el seu saber a favor de les dones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ah, per a completar, podeu anar a veure l\u2019exposici\u00f3 del Museu Arqueol\u00f2gic de Catalunya<\/a>. Jo, malgrat la meva d\u00e8ria, encara no hi he anat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Merc\u00e8 Otero-Vidal
Professora jubilada i activista feminista<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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