{"id":79681,"date":"2024-02-08T20:14:02","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T19:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=79681"},"modified":"2024-02-08T20:14:03","modified_gmt":"2024-02-08T19:14:03","slug":"tenir-cura-i-rebre-cura-el-cami-cap-a-una-politica-integral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/tenir-cura-i-rebre-cura-el-cami-cap-a-una-politica-integral\/","title":{"rendered":"Tenir cura i rebre cura, el cam\u00ed cap a una pol\u00edtica integral"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Escrit per Dixie Edith<\/strong>, SemLac<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Especialistes alerten sobre la necessitat de recon\u00e8ixer com a feina no nom\u00e9s la que produeix b\u00e9ns i serveis, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 les tasques dom\u00e8stiques no remunerades, exercides majorit\u00e0riament per dones.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El reconeixement p\u00fablic de les cures com a necessitat i dret, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 com a treball, es compta entre els guanys del nou sistema de cura integral per a la vida, l’aprovaci\u00f3 del qual va ser anunciada a Cuba el desembre del 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per a la soci\u00f2loga Magela Romero Almod\u00f3var<\/strong>, es tracta \u201cen primer lloc de la consolidaci\u00f3 d’un proc\u00e9s de treball que busca la col\u00b7locaci\u00f3 de la cura de la vida al centre dels models de desenvolupament\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La tamb\u00e9 coordinadora de la Xarxa Cubana d\u00b4Estudis sobre Cures assegura a SEMlac que aquest sistema s\u00b4ha gestat des del moviment feminista i els espais que aposten per la just\u00edcia i l\u00b4equitat social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La informaci\u00f3 de l’aprovaci\u00f3 del sistema, que encara no est\u00e0 publicat, va ser donada a con\u00e8ixer a trav\u00e9s de la xarxa X, el 13 de desembre del 2023, per la ministra de Treball i Seguretat Social, Marta Elena Feit\u00f3 Cabrera<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cures van emergir com un gran desafiament per a la societat cubana enmig del seu accelerat envelliment demogr\u00e0fic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Per a la soci\u00f2loga Magela Romero Almod\u00f3var, es tracta de consolidar un proc\u00e9s de treball que va ser gestat des del moviment feminista i els espais que aposten per la just\u00edcia i l’equitat social. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A finals de 2023, al voltant del 22,7 per cent de les persones tenia 60 anys i m\u00e9s a la naci\u00f3 caribenya, segons va transcendir al taller \u201cDin\u00e1miques demogr\u00e0fiques i les seves interrelacions\u201d, organitzat pel Centre d’Estudis Demogr\u00e0fics (Cedem) i el Fons de Poblaci\u00f3 de Nacions Unides (Unfpa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dades de l’Enquesta Nacional d’Envelliment, realitzada el 2017 per l’Oficina Nacional d’Estad\u00edstiques i Informaci\u00f3, indiquen que prop del 24 per cent dels que superaven els 60 anys vivien en una fam\u00edlia nuclear \u2015parella sense fills\u2015, mentre que en 17 per cent de les llars residien persones grans soles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“El sistema s’aprova enmig d’una realitat complexa del pa\u00eds, on \u00e9s urgent entendre la cura com a activitat que sost\u00e9 la vida i inclou aspectes econ\u00f2mics, pol\u00edtics, socials i culturals, entre d’altres”, reflexiona la tamb\u00e9 soci\u00f2loga Lucrines Azcuy Aguilera<\/strong>, professora del Centre d’Estudis Comunitaris de la Universitat Central de Las Villas, a uns 300 quil\u00f2metres de l’Havana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Investigadors de diferents institucions del pa\u00eds hem pogut posar estudis previs, sabers i experi\u00e8ncies a disposici\u00f3 de la construcci\u00f3 del sistema, fet que va aportar una visi\u00f3 multidisciplin\u00e0ria, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 dels nostres contextos espec\u00edfics, assegura la soci\u00f2loga Lucrines Azcuy Aguilera. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Especialistes de diversos perfils han alertat sobre la necessitat de recon\u00e8ixer i valoritzar com a feina no nom\u00e9s la que produeix b\u00e9ns i serveis, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 les tasques dom\u00e8stiques no renumerades, exercides majorit\u00e0riament per les dones en un pa\u00eds de profunda tradici\u00f3 patriarcal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En opini\u00f3 de la soci\u00f2loga Dayma Echevarr\u00eda<\/strong>, del Centre d’Estudis de l’Economia Cubana, considerar tota la cura com a feina pot \u201ccontribuir a garantir que els que tenen cura i han d’abandonar la seva vida laboral remunerada per fer aquesta activitat rebin un salari pel seu exercici, acumulin anys per a la jubilaci\u00f3 i siguin valorades socialment\u201d, va comentar a SEMlac a inicis del 2023.L’estudi \u201cG\u00e8nere, cura de la vida i pol\u00edtica social a Cuba: estrat\u00e8gies, actors i recomanacions per a una coresponsabilitat m\u00e9s gran\u201d, publicat el 2019 per la Fundaci\u00f3 Friedrich Ebert <\/strong>(Fes) en alian\u00e7a amb la Universitat de l’Havana, identificava tamb\u00e9 la necessitat de superar visions fragmentades i enfocar la pol\u00edtica de cures articuladament, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de visions salubristes i assistencialistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L’aprovaci\u00f3 del sistema constitueix un salt qualitatiu en l’organitzaci\u00f3 social de les cures a Cuba, ja que va dirigit a enfortir la coresponsabilitat entre els diversos actors que han d’intervenir en aquest proc\u00e9s ia m\u00e9s permet articular diversos programes i pol\u00edtiques”, assevera Azcuy Aguilera a SEMlac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romero Almod\u00f3var i Azcuy Aguilera coincideixen que \u00e9s molt important que la pol\u00edtica recent aprovada reconegui \u201cl’Estat com a garant\u201d del dret de totes les persones a cuidar i ser cuidades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un model coresponsable de cures requerir\u00e0, igualment, la implicaci\u00f3 de diferents actors de la societat, apunten les expertes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obrint camins<\/strong>
El proc\u00e9s de construcci\u00f3, renovaci\u00f3, redisseny i consolidaci\u00f3 del sistema nacional per a la cura integral de la vida no va passar d’un dia per l’altre, adverteix Romero Almod\u00f3var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEs gesta des del 2019 de manera conscient, per\u00f2 t\u00e9 antecedents importants en tots els marcs normatius, programes, plans nacionals; a la feina que han realitzat moltes institucions al pa\u00eds per alliberar les dones de la sobrec\u00e0rrega del treball dom\u00e8stic i afavorir la conciliaci\u00f3 com a concepte\u201d, detalla la soci\u00f2loga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot i aix\u00f2, al seu parer s’ha avan\u00e7at des d’una primera visi\u00f3 m\u00e9s enfocada a la conciliaci\u00f3 ia atendre els desafiaments derivats de la din\u00e0mica demogr\u00e0fica del pa\u00eds, fins a arribar a una perspectiva m\u00e9s \u00e0mplia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre els antecedents normatius, es compta amb l’actualitzaci\u00f3 el 2022 de la Pol\u00edtica d’atenci\u00f3 a la din\u00e0mica demogr\u00e0fica i l’aprovaci\u00f3 i la posada en vigor, aquell mateix any, del Codi de les Fam\u00edlies, que va canviar l’escenari jur\u00eddic al voltant de les cures i els va posar a l’agenda p\u00fablica i medi\u00e0tica del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La primera contempla estructurar un sistema nacional de cures que abasti de manera prioritzada infants, poblaci\u00f3 envellida i en situaci\u00f3 de vulnerabilitat, a partir de diferents formes de finan\u00e7ament, gesti\u00f3 i propietat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Mentrestant, l’article 430 del Codi de les fam\u00edlies estableix que els familiars \u201ctenen el deure de contribuir a la satisfacci\u00f3 de les necessitats afectives i de cura, i al sosteniment de les persones adultes grans, encara que no resideixin juntes, aix\u00ed com a preservar els seus b\u00e9ns\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta normativa del dret familiar tamb\u00e9 fixa els deures i els arranjaments relatius a la cura de menors i persones dependents o amb capacitats diferents i visibilitza les persones cuidadores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00ed mateix, refor\u00e7a el valor econ\u00f2mic del treball dom\u00e8stic i de cures, la qual cosa obre una porta que els drets dels que tenen cura siguin exigibles amb m\u00e9s precisi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’article 418 de la norma inclou el dret de les persones cuidadores a ser reemborsades o restitu\u00efdes, \u201cconforme a les normes del Codi civil, per les despeses o erogacions que assumeixin amb el seu propi patrimoni en la cura del familiar\u201d. Tamb\u00e9 a comptar amb xarxes de suport per a la cura familiar a nivell comunitari i institucional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e9s, els reconeix formalment el dret a cuidar-se i descansar, dedicar temps per a activitats personals que no incloguin el familiar a c\u00e0rrec seu i realitzar aquesta funci\u00f3 de manera que pugui conciliar-la amb el seu projecte de vida personal, familiar i social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alhora, la creaci\u00f3 de la Xarxa Cubana d’Estudis sobre Cures, el 2020, va permetre \u201cun di\u00e0leg enriquidor entre l’acad\u00e8mia i la pol\u00edtica\u201d, sost\u00e9 Romero Almod\u00f3var, la coordinadora general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Investigadors de diferents institucions del pa\u00eds hem pogut posar estudis previs, sabers i experi\u00e8ncies a disposici\u00f3 de la construcci\u00f3 del sistema, fet que va aportar una visi\u00f3 multidisciplin\u00e0ria, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 dels nostres contextos espec\u00edfics”, coincideix Azcuy Aguilera, igualment integrant d’aquesta xarxa acad\u00e8mica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El projecte governamental de Treball no Remunerat, aprovat el primer de desembre del 2021, va significar un gir cap a l’aprovaci\u00f3 del sistema que s’ha de comen\u00e7ar a implementar properament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per a Romero Almod\u00f3var, el moment actual \u00e9s essencial, ja que \u201cs’est\u00e0 construint el marc normatiu\u201d per a aquesta implementaci\u00f3, cosa que requerir\u00e0 esfor\u00e7os conscients de capacitaci\u00f3, sobretot a nivell territorial i comunitari. “Tamb\u00e9 d\u00b4articulaci\u00f3 de diferents actors econ\u00f2mics i de canvis de paradigmes culturals”, sost\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Clacso. Foto:SemLac<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Us recomanem, a m\u00e9s<\/strong>:
Del treball invisible al reconeixement: el desafiament de les cures, Iniciativa destaca el valor del treball de cures per a la vida. La Nota: Parlem de cures (Podcast). Cures a llarg termini i desafiaments d’una tasca feminitzada.SemLac Cuba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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