{"id":71914,"date":"2023-03-08T01:59:49","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T00:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=71914"},"modified":"2023-03-10T13:56:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T12:56:57","slug":"cuba-eines-comunicatives-per-desmuntar-estereotips","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/cuba-eines-comunicatives-per-desmuntar-estereotips\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba: Eines comunicatives per desmuntar estereotips"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Escrit per Dixie Edith \/ SemLac <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La cultura masclista segueix condicionant les relacions entre dones, homes o persones amb orientacions sexuals no heteronormatives i identitats de g\u00e8nere diverses i es consolida en estereotips i normes socials.
Des de la comunicaci\u00f3 i el periodisme, un repte m\u00e9s gran \u00e9s identificar-les per evitar naturalitzar-les o reproduir-les.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquest i altres conflictes van ser \u00e0mpliament discutits durant l’edici\u00f3 del 2023 del Curs de Postgrau de G\u00e8nere i Comunicaci\u00f3, realitzada a l’Institut Internacional de Periodisme Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed (IIPJM) del 20 al 24 de febrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dedicat essencialment a periodistes i comunicadors\/es, el curs va oferir eines per desmuntar aquests mites que aguditzen les desigualtats i estan a l’origen de moltes viol\u00e8ncies. Aquesta vegada va comptar amb el suport d’Oxfam i l’Ambaixada de Fran\u00e7a a l’Havana i es va construir en alian\u00e7a amb SEMlac Cuba i Diakonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els estereotips es converteixen en \u00abestigma o etiqueta\u00bb quan es conformen en sentit negatiu per les normes establertes des del control social i \u00abdesemboquen en prejudicis condicionats hist\u00f2ricament per la cultura, que els produeix i reprodueix\u00bb, va explicar la psic\u00f2loga Mayda \u00c1lvarez<\/strong>, investigadora del Centre d\u00b4Estudis de la Dona (CEM), de la Federaci\u00f3 de Dones Cubanes (FMC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Cuba, l’Enquesta Nacional d’Igualtat de G\u00e8nere del 2016 va confirmar la persist\u00e8ncia d’aquestes creences a l’entramat social. Per posar nom\u00e9s un parell d’exemples, m\u00e9s del 65 per cent de les persones interrogades \u00abcontinuen vinculant les expressions d’afectes a la feminitat\u00bb i poc m\u00e9s de la meitat (51 %) va considerar que \u00abun home no pot donar la mateixa cura a un nen\/nena que una dona\u00bb, va exemplificar \u00c1lvarez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Identificar els estereotips resulta imprescindible, ja que la seva pres\u00e8ncia en m\u00faltiples contextos de la quotidianitat contribueix a comportaments discriminatoris, coincidint participants en la capacitaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2, per exemple, passa a l’espai jur\u00eddic, quan es valora de forma m\u00e9s severa les mares que els pares, en aquells casos en qu\u00e8 tots dos s\u00f3n incomplidors dels seus deures pel que fa a la responsabilitat parental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La jurista Ivonne P\u00e9rez<\/strong>, professora de la Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de l’Havana, coincideix. A parer seu, \u00abl’enfocament de g\u00e8nere t\u00e9 una important influ\u00e8ncia en l’\u00e0mbit jur\u00eddic; \u00e9s present a la legislaci\u00f3, a la doctrina ia l’actuar dels que reclamen i imparteixen just\u00edcia\u00bb, va precisar durant la seva confer\u00e8ncia.
\u00abLa igualtat de drets troba avui suport normatiu constitucional i especial; per\u00f2 la seva significaci\u00f3 com a valor social implica l’observan\u00e7a de la categoria ‘g\u00e8nere’\u00bb, va recon\u00e8ixer P\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cal \u00abuna an\u00e0lisi casu\u00edstica i un canvi de mentalitat. La millor de les lleis ha d?anar acompanyada d?un saber i un voler fer\u00bb, va insistir la jurista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per a la soci\u00f2loga Clotilde Proveyer Cervantes<\/strong>, professora de la Universitat de l’Havana, resulta fonamental anar a les arrels del problema, cosa que implica comprendre com l’organitzaci\u00f3 estructural del patriarcat afavoreix que aquestes creences sobrevisquin i es multipliquin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es tracta d’entendre’l \u00abcom un ordre social que legitima l’estructuraci\u00f3 de la societat per garantir el domini mascul\u00ed i la subordinaci\u00f3 i la desvaloritzaci\u00f3 del femen\u00ed\u00bb, va precisar la tamb\u00e9 coordinadora de l’equip assessor de la FMC en temes d’igualtat de g\u00e8nere i atenci\u00f3 a la viol\u00e8ncia.
El patriarcat tamb\u00e9 “\u00e9s la base que sustenta la viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere mitjan\u00e7ant un sistema sexe-g\u00e8nere que es perpetua mitjan\u00e7ant normes, valors, creences ia trav\u00e9s de la divisi\u00f3 d’espais, acc\u00e9s a recursos ia l’educaci\u00f3, entre d’altres”, va precisar Proveyer Cervantes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Especialistes i periodistes d’altres espais acad\u00e8mics o mitjans de premsa com ara la Universitat de l’Havana, l’Editorial de la Dona, el Centre Martin Luther King <\/strong>i SEMlac van formar part del programa del curs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com a convidades especials, la periodista i escriptora sueca Kajsa Ekis Ekman<\/strong> va intercanviar sobre la manera d’abordar la prostituci\u00f3 als mitjans i la doctora en Ci\u00e8ncies Mirtha Cucco Garc\u00eda<\/strong>, directora del Centre de Desenvolupament de Salut Comunit\u00e0ria Mary Langer<\/strong>, a Espanya, va reflexionar sobre de com es pensa el g\u00e8nere des de la comunicaci\u00f3 social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comunicaci\u00f3: canviar la lent<\/strong>
Tant el Programa Nacional per a l’Avan\u00e7ament de les Dones (PAM) com l’Estrat\u00e8gia integral de prevenci\u00f3 i atenci\u00f3 a la viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere ia l’escenari familiar, aprovades al pa\u00eds entre el 2021 i el 2022, focalitzen en particular en el valor de la comunicaci\u00f3 per canviar her\u00e8ncies patriarcals que sostenen la discriminaci\u00f3 de g\u00e8nere al pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El curs de l’IIPJM tamb\u00e9 va treballar sobre les pr\u00e0ctiques professionals i rutines productives dels mitjans, a la recerca de mirar la comunicaci\u00f3 i el periodisme des d’una perspectiva de g\u00e8nere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De valor particular va resultar la presentaci\u00f3 dels resultats del m\u00e9s recent Monitoritzaci\u00f3 Global de Mitjans, de la m\u00e0 de les periodistes Sara M\u00e1s Far\u00edas <\/strong>i Lisandra Fari\u00f1as<\/strong>, participants de la investigaci\u00f3 a Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Monitoritzaci\u00f3 Mundial de Mitjans, que es realitza cada cinc anys promogut per l’Associaci\u00f3 Mundial per a la Comunicaci\u00f3 Cristiana (WACC), \u00e9s reconegut com una de les iniciatives m\u00e9s grans de recerca i promoci\u00f3 sobre igualtat de g\u00e8nere a les not\u00edcies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El seu sis\u00e8 i darrer informe, em\u00e8s el 2020, va incloure dades de 116 pa\u00efsos -entre ells Cuba- i va cobrir m\u00e9s de 30.000 hist\u00f2ries publicades a diaris, transmeses per r\u00e0dio, televisi\u00f3 i difoses en llocs web de not\u00edcies i tweets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una de les bones not\u00edcies que va deixar per a Cuba \u00e9s que, en cinc anys, es va produir cert aven\u00e7 en la pres\u00e8ncia de les dones als mitjans. Elles van representar, en total, 67 per cent de les i els reporters i van cr\u00e9ixer en nou punts percentuals com a protagonistes i fonts de les hist\u00f2ries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot i aix\u00f2, aquesta representaci\u00f3 encara \u00e9s baixa, de 26 per cent, respecte al 74 per cent dels homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEn general, en aquesta oportunitat, les dones van tenir m\u00e9s pres\u00e8ncia a les not\u00edcies en mitjans digitals que als tradicionals de premsa, r\u00e0dio i televisi\u00f3. Per\u00f2 en cap cas hi ha paritat respecte als homes, que mantenen avantatge a tots els espais\u00bb, va precisar M\u00e1s Far\u00edas, tamb\u00e9 corresponsal de SEMlac a Cuba, en un treball que resumeix tota la investigaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuba es va incorporar el 2005, sota la coordinaci\u00f3 nacional d’Isabel Moya Richard<\/strong> (1961-2018), periodista feminista, investigadora i fundadora de la C\u00e0tedra de G\u00e8nere i Comunicaci\u00f3 “Mirta Aguirre<\/strong>“, de l’IIPJM, espai acad\u00e8mic des d’on es construeixen aquests postgraus des de l’any 2004<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El curs tamb\u00e9 va ser espai per a un homenatge a Moya, \u00abla profe de les lents violetes\u00bb, en complir-se 20 anys de la c\u00e0tedra que va fundar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre les recomanacions nascudes de la construcci\u00f3 col\u00b7lectiva van quedar la necessitat de promoure la participaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica de les dones; de difondre els seus drets humans i de reflexionar sobre la inequitat hist\u00f2rica que les ha invisibilitzat sistem\u00e0ticament.
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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