{"id":71881,"date":"2023-03-08T01:44:49","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T00:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=71881"},"modified":"2023-03-10T13:57:08","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T12:57:08","slug":"depressio-una-malaltia-dues-vegades-mes-frequent-en-dones-que-en-homes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/depressio-una-malaltia-dues-vegades-mes-frequent-en-dones-que-en-homes\/","title":{"rendered":"Depressi\u00f3: una malaltia \u201cdues vegades m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent en dones que en homes\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Diario Digital Femenino. Salut <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El divendres 13 de gener es va commemorar el Dia Internacional Contra la Depressi\u00f3, una malaltia que afecta 300 milions de persones al m\u00f3n, segons les dades de l&#8217;Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut (OMS). Alguns dels s\u00edmptomes m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents poden ser ansietat, necessitat de dormir m\u00e9s del que \u00e9s habitual, inquietud, canvis en la gana i p\u00e8rdua d&#8217;energia, encara que dep\u00e8n de cada cas i, de vegades, potser la persona que la pateix no la identifiqui com tal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;La depressi\u00f3 compr\u00e8n una categoria cl\u00ednica&#8221; que s&#8217;utilitza en psicologia i psiquiatria per diagnosticar alguns estats i s\u00edmptomes que es relacionen amb &#8220;la manca de voler seguir endavant o sentir que es produeix una baixada&#8221;, va explicar a <em>la di\u00e0ria<\/em> la psic\u00f2loga i docent <strong>Cec\u00edlia Baroni<\/strong>. Tot i que la malaltia \u201ct\u00e9 diferents maneres d&#8217;expressar-se\u201d, per exemple, a trav\u00e9s de la irritabilitat, l&#8217;enuig i la desesperan\u00e7a, de vegades les persones anomenen depressi\u00f3 \u201cper\u00edodes desanimats que no sempre signifiquen el mateix\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Va remarcar que l&#8217;estat depressiu \u00e9s \u201cmulticausal\u201d i es relaciona amb factors externs i interns de cadasc\u00fa. \u201cS&#8217;instal\u00b7la una forma de patiment amb qu\u00e8 la persona no pot sola\u201d. Davant del diagn\u00f2stic, es poden aplicar tractaments farmacol\u00f2gics amb diferents combinacions de f\u00e0rmacs, sobretot \u201cen els casos m\u00e9s aguts\u201d. Alhora, el tractament es pot complementar amb ter\u00e0pies i \u201cun estil de vida que pugui ajudar a entendre o incorporar la idea que val la pena viure\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Segons Baroni, en algunes oportunitats, davant de la depressi\u00f3, \u201calg\u00fa es presenta amb el discurs que cal sortir i distreure&#8217;s\u201d, per\u00f2 aix\u00f2, de vegades, no arriba. Si \u00e9s patol\u00f2gic, s&#8217;instal\u00b7la l&#8217;estat depressiu i necessita abordatges m\u00e9s complexos i integrals. D&#8217;aquest punt sorgeix la import\u00e0ncia de diferenciar entre depressi\u00f3, ansietat i tristesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Uruguai la discapacitat per malalties no transmissibles ocupa \u201cgaireb\u00e9 el 90% del total dels anys perduts per discapacitat\u201d i els trastorns mentals, 33%. Pel que fa a la discapacitat, segons cada trastorn espec\u00edfic, la depressi\u00f3 i l&#8217;ansietat s\u00f3n els que ocupen els percentatges m\u00e9s grans, amb \u201c7,6% i 5,2% respectivament\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El pla planteja algunes estrat\u00e8gies que cal implementar a trav\u00e9s del treball interinstitucional i multidisciplinari. Proposa \u201campliar la cobertura a prestacions psicoterap\u00e8utiques i psicosocials\u201d, definir i implementar pautes per a l&#8217;abordatge farmacol\u00f2gic i no farmacol\u00f2gic de la depressi\u00f3 en persones grans i capacitar en la detecci\u00f3 i l&#8217;abordatge de les problem\u00e0tiques de la salut mental de la gent gran amb una perspectiva de drets humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cL&#8217;ansietat i la tristesa s\u00f3n mecanismes naturals\u201d que tenim les persones per reaccionar davant \u201calguns temes\u201d de la vida. Davant tots dos, \u00e9s important identificar la causa i el perqu\u00e8 ens sentim aix\u00ed, i \u201ccom m\u00e9s clar \u00e9s el fet, \u00e9s m\u00e9s segur que passi\u201d. Per\u00f2 quan la tristesa o l&#8217;ansietat no s\u00f3n passatgeres, \u00e9s a dir, quan interfereixen en els nostres h\u00e0bits i interrompen rutines, cal estar atents, perqu\u00e8 segurament es tracta d&#8217;una depressi\u00f3. \u201cMoltes vegades la pr\u00f2pia persona no ho pot identificar\u201d i \u00e9s el de fora qui ho fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finalment, ha considerat que si b\u00e9 &#8220;no cal patologitzar tot el que ens passa&#8221;, cal &#8220;prendre consci\u00e8ncia de la import\u00e0ncia de con\u00e8ixer-nos i saber quines s\u00f3n les nostres formes&#8221; per demanar ajuda, sempre que sigui necessari i s&#8217;assoleixi identificar-lo com tal. A m\u00e9s, ha remarcat que tenir cura de la salut mental &#8220;tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un deure dels Estats&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pla Nacional de Salut Mental<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pel que fa al rol de l&#8217;Estat en les patologies mentals, el Pla de Salut Mental 2020-2027 del Ministeri de Salut P\u00fablica (MSP) \u00e9s una \u201ceina\u201d per posar en pr\u00e0ctica les pol\u00edtiques de salut vinculades que \u201cgaranteixin el dret a la salut\u201d . Segons la cartera, el document sorgeix com una necessitat, per donar compliment a all\u00f2 establert a la Llei de Salut Mental 19.529, aprovada el 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El pla inclou algunes dades sobre la depressi\u00f3. Entre altres coses, afirma que continua ocupant &#8220;la principal posici\u00f3 entre els problemes de salut mental prevalents&#8221; i que \u00e9s &#8220;dues vegades m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent en dones que en homes&#8221;. El 2015, la prevalen\u00e7a de trastorns depressius a les Am\u00e8riques va ser \u201centre 4% en homes i gaireb\u00e9 6% en dones\u201d, segons la guia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&#8217;altra banda, la \u201ctransici\u00f3 demogr\u00e0fica\u201d que est\u00e0 passant a la regi\u00f3 \u00e9s un repte per als sistemes de salut. Per exemple, els problemes de salut mental \u201cprevalents i neurol\u00f2gics en la gent gran\u201d, entre ells, la malaltia d&#8217;Alzheimer i la depressi\u00f3, que cada cop contribueixen m\u00e9s significativament \u201ca la c\u00e0rrega\u201d de malalties no transmissibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si b\u00e9 al nostre pa\u00eds \u201cno hi ha registres\u201d sobre la quantitat de persones afectades, el que es pot concloure a trav\u00e9s dels registres de la Hist\u00f2ria Cl\u00ednica Electr\u00f2nica Nacional i d&#8217;estudis internacionals \u00e9s que s\u00f3n al voltant de 54.000 persones les que pateixen \u201calgun tipus de dem\u00e8ncia\u201d. La depressi\u00f3 i l&#8217;ansietat &#8220;s\u00f3n freq\u00fcents en la gent gran&#8221;, tot i que poc tractades perqu\u00e8 s\u00f3n &#8220;err\u00f2niament considerades part de l&#8217;envelliment&#8221; o per &#8220;desconeixement dels professionals&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amb relaci\u00f3 a altres trastorns mentals que augmenten la prevalen\u00e7a amb l&#8217;edat, cal destacar-ne tres: la depressi\u00f3, l&#8217;ansietat i els su\u00efcidis. Segons dades del 2018 de l&#8217;Organitzaci\u00f3 Panamericana de la Salut (OPS), a les Am\u00e8riques la prevalen\u00e7a de dem\u00e8ncia en la gent gran est\u00e0 entre el 6,46% i el 8,48% en relaci\u00f3 amb altres trastorns mentals com la depressi\u00f3, l&#8217;ansietat i els su\u00efcidis, \u201cque augmenten la prevalen\u00e7a amb l&#8217;edat\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Uruguai la discapacitat per malalties no transmissibles ocupa \u201cgaireb\u00e9 el 90% del total dels anys perduts per discapacitat\u201d i els trastorns mentals, 33%. Pel que fa a la discapacitat, segons cada trastorn espec\u00edfic, la depressi\u00f3 i l&#8217;ansietat s\u00f3n els que ocupen els percentatges m\u00e9s grans, amb \u201c7,6% i 5,2% respectivament\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El pla planteja algunes estrat\u00e8gies que cal implementar a trav\u00e9s del treball interinstitucional i multidisciplinari. Proposa \u201campliar la cobertura a prestacions psicoterap\u00e8utiques i psicosocials\u201d, definir i implementar pautes per a l&#8217;abordatge farmacol\u00f2gic i no farmacol\u00f2gic de la depressi\u00f3 en persones grans i capacitar en la detecci\u00f3 i l&#8217;abordatge de les problem\u00e0tiques de la salut mental de la gent gran amb una perspectiva de drets humans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El divendres 13 de gener es va commemorar el Dia Internacional Contra la Depressi\u00f3, una malaltia que afecta 300 milions de persones al m\u00f3n, segons les dades de l&#8217;Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut (OMS). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":71882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26288],"tags":[47279,47276,47277,47280,47275],"class_list":["post-71881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salut","tag-cecilia-baroni","tag-depressio-3","tag-lorganitzacio-panamericana-de-la-salut","tag-oms","tag-salut"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Depressi\u00f3: una malaltia \u201cdues vegades m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent en dones que en homes\u201d | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El divendres 13 de gener es va commemorar el Dia Internacional Contra la Depressi\u00f3, una malaltia que afecta 300 milions de persones al m\u00f3n, segons les dades de l&#039;Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut 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