{"id":70145,"date":"2022-09-06T17:43:49","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T15:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/utopies-fora-de-temps-2\/"},"modified":"2023-02-28T16:30:21","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T15:30:21","slug":"utopies-fora-de-temps-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/utopies-fora-de-temps-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Utopies fora de temps"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OPINI\u00d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Llegir llibres que foren escrits fa cent anys i que no ens han arribat fins ara \u00e9s una experi\u00e8ncia curiosa i encara m\u00e9s si resulta que tenen l\u2019aura de ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3 o potser tamb\u00e9 podr\u00edem dir d\u2019utopia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El que cal fer primer \u00e9s donar les gr\u00e0cies a la iniciativa editorial que ha fet possible que ara tinguem a l&#8217;abast aquest llibre en q\u00fcesti\u00f3. Es tracta de l&#8217;obra de <strong>Rose Macauly<\/strong>, I tot aix\u00f2. Una com\u00e8dia prof\u00e8tica d&#8217;editorial Min\u00fascula dirigida per <strong>Val\u00e8ria Bergalli<\/strong> i tradu\u00efda per<strong> Marta Hern\u00e1ndez Pibernat<\/strong> i <strong>Zahara M\u00e9ndez<\/strong> <strong>Hern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La traducci\u00f3 de la primera part del t\u00edtol What Not: A Prophetic Comedy planteja problemes i requereix una explicaci\u00f3, per\u00f2 la segona part \u00e9s molt suggestiva perqu\u00e8 gaireb\u00e9 \u00e9s un contrasentit pensar en una com\u00e8dia que tingui la pretensi\u00f3 de ser prof\u00e8tica i cal dir d&#8217;entrada, que fa plantejaments molts seriosos sota una forma volgudament desenfadada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emilie Rose Macaulay (1881-1958) fou una escriptora brit\u00e0nica d&#8217;una extensa producci\u00f3 de novel\u00b7les, biografies, llibres de viatges i assajos. Va comen\u00e7ar a publicar l&#8217;any 1906 despr\u00e9s d&#8217;haver acabat els estudis a la universitat d&#8217;Oxford. Durant la primera guerra mundial va treballar el departament de propaganda brit\u00e0nic, va ser infermera i funcion\u00e0ria de la War Office i va ser pacifista fins que va deixar de ser-ho a mesura que canviaven les circumst\u00e0ncies. Tota aquesta experi\u00e8ncia est\u00e0 a la base de la com\u00e8dia prof\u00e8tica que justament va dedicada als funcionaris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La novel\u00b7la parteix de la feina que es fa al Ministeri de Cervells on els funcionaris tenen molta feina a classificar la ciutadania segons les seves capacitats intel\u00b7lectives, fan cursos de formaci\u00f3 per a millorar i controlen les relacions entre persones dels diferents grups i posen sancions quan no es compleixen les normes, sobretot pel que fa a la descend\u00e8ncia, perqu\u00e8 les criatures d&#8217;unions no permeses s\u00f3n abandonades quan les parelles no poden pagar les multes de c\u00e0stig. Els personatges protagonistes s\u00f3n el ministre i una de les funcion\u00e0ries d&#8217;alt rang que mantenen una relaci\u00f3 clandestina amb totes les contradiccions hip\u00f2crites dins del sistema. La situaci\u00f3 es fa inaguantable i hi ha una revolta i el ministeri queda pr\u00e0cticament desmantellat. Tot el conjunt \u00e9s d&#8217;agradable lectura perqu\u00e8 empra un estil \u00e0gil i alhora concret en les descripcions i espurnejat en els di\u00e0legs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed teniu una cita de mostra del que hi ha de seri\u00f3s i comprom\u00e8s al fons de la &#8220;com\u00e8dia&#8221; que ens fa q\u00fcestionar valors i prioritats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mentre s&#8217;adre\u00e7ava als reunits, els feia creure que el que importava era la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia; que importava m\u00e9s que la llibertat, que importava m\u00e9s que la satisfacci\u00f3 dels desitjos immediats. Convertia la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia en una idea flamejant, com el patriotisme, la llibertat, la pau, la democr\u00e0cia, la jornada de vuit hores o D\u00e9u; i de passada assenyalava que conduiria a la major part d&#8217;aquestes coses; i se&#8217;l creien (p. 198)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amb la tesi que la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia hauria d&#8217;evitar la guerra, Macauly dona un visi\u00f3 ir\u00f2nica i sat\u00edrica de la societat de postguerra. Cal tenir present que aquesta novel\u00b7la obre el cam\u00ed a Aldous Huxley i despr\u00e9s a <strong>George Orwell<\/strong>. Per una altra banda, no es pot oblidar la vinculaci\u00f3 a l&#8217;autora amb el grup de Bloomsbury i es parla de la influ\u00e8ncia que va rebre de Virginia Woolf. I cal subratllar el seu feminisme que traspua constantment en els seus escrits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest llibre de la Macauly \u00e9s un tast de la seva nombrosa obra, dins de la qual destaca <a href=\"\/es.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Las_torres_de_Trebisonda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Les torres de Trebisonda<\/a>, que est\u00e0 considerada la seva novel\u00b7la definitiva i obra mestra pel que t\u00e9 d&#8217;autobiografia i d&#8217;humor melanc\u00f2lic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;altra utopia, llegida fora de temps, quan ja han passat quaranta-cinc anys de la seva publicaci\u00f3 \u00e9s Las hijas de Egalia, escrita el 1977 i que fou tradu\u00efda al castell\u00e0 per<strong> Laura i Raquel Hidalgo<\/strong> i ens va arribar l&#8217;any 1993 editada per Horas i HORAS dins de la col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 &#8220;Todas eran valientes&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La seva autora \u00e9s <strong>Gerd Mj\u00f8en Brantenberg<\/strong> (1941), professora i feminista noruega que va fer estudis d&#8217;angl\u00e8s, hist\u00f2ria, sociologia i ci\u00e8ncia pol\u00edtica a Gran Bretanya i a Oslo. Va ser professora a escoles superiors de Noruega i Dinamarca i va tenir responsabilitats sindicals i a la Norvegian Authors&#8217; Union. El 1978, va fundar un F\u00f2rum de dones i literatura per tal d&#8217;incentivar que les dones escrivissin i publiquessin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gerd Bratenberg del 1972 al 1983 va ser activista feminista a la Women&#8217;s House d&#8217;Oslo. Tamb\u00e9 va ser promotora de la primera associaci\u00f3 d&#8217;homosexuals de Noruega, precursora de la <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Organisation_for_Sexual_and_Gender_Diversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Norwegian National Association for Lesbian and Gay<\/a> Liberation on va continuar lluitant pels drets del col\u00b7lectiu LGTBI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La seva obra compr\u00e8n sobretot novel\u00b7les, dues obres de teatre i destaca la seva famosa novel\u00b7la <a href=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egalia%27s_Daughters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Egalias d\u00f8tre<\/a> \/ Les filles d<strong>&#8216;Egalia<\/strong>, que presenta una societat on les dones s\u00f3n el primer sexe i el homes el sexe subjugat. Tots els noms que tenen normalment forma masculina, agafen forma femenina i viceversa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Egalia les dones tenen el poder, controlen l&#8217;economia i tenen c\u00e0rrecs al Parlament, mentre els homes es queden a casa, s&#8217;encarreguen de les criatures, fan les feines de la llar i pensen en l&#8217;amor i la moda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquesta novel\u00b7la, de fet, est\u00e0 pensada per a un p\u00fablic adolescent que quedi xocat per aquest plantejament del &#8220;m\u00f3n al rev\u00e9s&#8221; que reflecteix com en un mirall la par\u00f2dia de la nostra societat patriarcal. Pot semblar un estirabot, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 pot servir per a analitzar la situaci\u00f3 dels homes i les dones i fer veure les opressions de les dones i els privilegis dels homes. La s\u00e0tira basada en el fet que un home no \u00e9s res sense la seva dona fa reflexionar sobre la igualtat, la difer\u00e8ncia i la injust\u00edcia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El fill de la directora Brava, que t\u00e9 el poder a la fam\u00edlia i a la societat, escriu una novel\u00b7la per a denunciar la situaci\u00f3 discriminat\u00f2ria que pateix. \u00c9s interessant com s&#8217;incorpora aquesta novel\u00b7la del fill <strong>Petronio Brava<\/strong> a la novel\u00b7la que estem llegint. La novel\u00b7la del xicot no resolt evidentment la situaci\u00f3 de la revolta masculinista, de la mateixa manera que la novel\u00b7la que estem llegint no resolt la revolta feminista dels anys setanta del segle passat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed teniu una mostra de com sona la par\u00f2dia de la novel\u00b7la que fa la cr\u00edtica de la novel\u00b7la:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>La mayor\u00eda de las cr\u00edticas de la novel\u00b7la Los hijos de la democracia de Petronio Brava, eran mujeres- Por consiguiente se apresuraron a exponer su opini\u00f3n personal sobre todo lo referente a la liberaci\u00f3n de los hombres (p. 216).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(&#8230;)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>El libro molest\u00f3 tanto a algunas personas que no pudieron siquiera terminar su lectura . Desde luego no era en absoluto edificante leer que los hombres eran seres hembranos supermusculosos que iban por ah\u00ed con modales dominadores, mientras las mujeres se comportaban como unas tontas y d\u00e9biles mu\u00f1equitas que no hac\u00edan sino sonreir como idiotas. Era realmente grotesco. Una cultura que trastocaba de esa manera las cualidades naturales de los dos sexos no era siquiera digna de llamarse cultura.(p- 218).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OPINI\u00d3 Llegir llibres que foren escrits fa cent anys i que no ens han arribat fins ara \u00e9s una experi\u00e8ncia curiosa i encara m\u00e9s si resulta que tenen l\u2019aura de ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3 o potser tamb\u00e9 podr\u00edem dir d\u2019utopia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":68217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26641],"tags":[45497,46784,46785,46788,46781,46783,46782,46787,46786],"class_list":["post-70145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion-cultura","tag-centre-de-documentacio","tag-gerd-mjoen-brantenberg","tag-laura-i-raquel-hidalgo","tag-marta-hernandez-pibernat-i-zahara-mendez-hernandez","tag-norwegian-national-association-for-lesbian-and-gay-liberation","tag-oslo","tag-petronio-brava","tag-prophetic-comedy","tag-trebisonda"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Utopies fora de temps | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"OPINI\u00d3 Llegir llibres que foren escrits fa cent anys i que no ens 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