{"id":69116,"date":"2021-06-03T10:52:41","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T08:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/conversio-de-comunitats-rurals-en-urbanes-2\/"},"modified":"2021-06-03T10:52:41","modified_gmt":"2021-06-03T08:52:41","slug":"conversio-de-comunitats-rurals-en-urbanes-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/conversio-de-comunitats-rurals-en-urbanes-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Conversi\u00f3 de comunitats rurals en urbanes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37562 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 230px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 230\/155;display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/margaritaabril.jpeg\" alt=\"margaritaabril\" width=\"230\" height=\"155\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 8pt;\">Margarida Abril i Gonz\u00e1lez.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/unpuntdellum.blogspot.com\/\">http:\/\/unpuntdellum.blogspot.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\"><strong>En el programa &#8220;amb veu de dona&#8221;, que fem les Dones Reporteres de Matar\u00f3, un dels tema \u00e9s el de les dones del m\u00f3n rural que van anar cap a zones urbanes.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Moltes d&#8217;elles a treballar a les f\u00e0briques t\u00e8xtils, donant una ullada a la nostra ciutat Matar\u00f3, que va ser durant molts anys la capital del g\u00e8nere de punt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Els canvis que, de manera conjunta, transformaren tan radicalment la vida dels \u00e9ssers humans foren fonamentalment: el creixement de la poblaci\u00f3, la revoluci\u00f3 agr\u00edcola, la revoluci\u00f3 en el transport i el comer\u00e7, l&#8217;aplicaci\u00f3 de la ci\u00e8ncia a la ind\u00fastria, i l&#8217;ampliaci\u00f3 de la utilitzaci\u00f3 de capital. Aquests canvis demogr\u00e0fics, econ\u00f2mics i tecnol\u00f2gics generaren transformacions socials de gran abast: la conversi\u00f3 de comunitats rurals en urbanes i l&#8217;aparici\u00f3 de noves classes socials.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">El ferrocarril, el vapor, les migracions&#8230;, van afavorir el gran \u00e8xit que va tenir Matar\u00f3 en el m\u00f3n del t\u00e8xtil. Cal remarcar el paper que van jugar les dones, les principals treballadores d&#8217;aquest sector industrial, que tamb\u00e9 van participar en les lluites sindicals per millorar les condicions laborals i els baixos salaris. Les llargues i dures jornades van enfortir la dona en la seva doble jornada: la f\u00e0brica i la casa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Les dones constitu\u00efen, l&#8217;any 1905, el 85% de la m\u00e0 d&#8217;obra a les ind\u00fastries de cot\u00f3, les m\u00e9s importants a Catalunya (Balcells, 2014). La segmentaci\u00f3 sexual a les f\u00e0briques donava als homes treballs m\u00e9s ben pagats i qualificats, mentre que les dones ocupaven llocs m\u00e9s modestos i mai de comandament. Tot i aix\u00f2, el volum de treballadores va enfortir el paper de la dona fora de la llar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Si entr\u00e9ssim en una f\u00e0brica de finals del segle XIX o principis del segle XX trobar\u00edem una gran majoria de treballadores, podr\u00edem recon\u00e8ixer diferents perfils, per exemple les bobinadores s&#8217;encarregaven d&#8217;adaptar el fil amb el que despr\u00e9s es farien els teixits de les formes d&#8217;enrotllament a la forma que necessitava la m\u00e0quina. \u00c9s a dir, passaven el fil de troca a bitlla de fusta. Tamb\u00e9 trobem les teixidores, que portaven els telers rodons, i que feien mitges, mitjons i punys.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Permeteu-me dir que s\u00f3c filla d&#8217;una bobinadora. La meva mare deixant la seva Corbera natal quan tenia 16 anys (eren tres germanes) treball\u00e0 just arribant a Matar\u00f3 a f\u00e0briques t\u00e8xtils fou bobinadora, trescanadora i tamb\u00e9 lluitadora sindical CNT. Parlem de l&#8217;any 1915.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Les condicions de feina eren dures, especialment si les comparem amb les actuals. Els torns de feina arribaven a les dotze hores di\u00e0ries i les f\u00e0briques estaven despertes des de les 5 del mat\u00ed fins a les 11 de la nit. Els dissabtes tamb\u00e9 es treballava fins al migdia i, un cop acabada la jornada, s&#8217;havia de netejar la nau abans de plegar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">Una de les lluitadores que ha passat a la hist\u00f2ria de Matar\u00f3 \u00e9s <a href=\"http:\/\/unpuntdellum.blogspot.com\/2016\/03\/margarida-abril-gonzalez.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Margarida Abril i Gonz\u00e1lez<\/strong><\/a>. Quan Margarida Abril tenia 14 anys va comen\u00e7ar a treballar d&#8217;aprenenta en una f\u00e0brica t\u00e8xtil de Matar\u00f3. All\u00e0 va descobrir el clima revolucionari que regnava als sindicats i a les organitzacions obreres. Va quedar tan encantada que no va trigar a apuntar-se a la CNT. Treballava a Can Colomer, una de les f\u00e0briques de g\u00e8nere de punt m\u00e9s importants de Matar\u00f3. Va organitzar una vaga per aconseguir augments salarials i altres millores relacionades amb les condicions laborals. Despr\u00e9s de molta lluita, aconseguiren un augment de sou, per\u00f2 va haver d&#8217;abandonar la f\u00e0brica com altres sindicalistes, se&#8217;ls increpava cont\u00ednuament per haver liderat les protestes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">A Matar\u00f3 despr\u00e9s de molts anys tenim un museu del t\u00e8xtil, on hi ha tota classe de m\u00e0quines, on hi consten els empresaris, per\u00f2 cap hist\u00f2ria de vida de tantes i tantes dones que amb jornades esgotadores s&#8217;hi varen deixar la pell. Reivindiquem les viv\u00e8ncies de la gent senzilla, q<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">ue s\u00f3n les que realment creen la hist\u00f2ria.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69112 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 152px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 152\/202;display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/logo_dones_reporteres.png\" alt=\"logo Dones Reporteres\" width=\"152\" height=\"202\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Margarida Abril i Gonz\u00e1lez.\u00a0 http:\/\/unpuntdellum.blogspot.com\/ En el programa &#8220;amb veu de dona&#8221;, que fem les Dones Reporteres de Matar\u00f3, un dels tema \u00e9s el de les dones del m\u00f3n rural que van anar cap a zones urbanes.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":37562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26413],"tags":[45357,45360,45358,45361,45359,45356],"class_list":["post-69116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia","tag-bobinadores","tag-can-colomer","tag-cnt","tag-lea-cornellana-i-canyelles","tag-margarida-abril-i-gonzalez","tag-teixidores"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Conversi\u00f3 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