{"id":67408,"date":"2019-10-20T00:50:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-19T22:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/ii-les-dones-a-les-colonies-industrials-la-pons-i-altres-colonies-a-catalunya-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-20T00:50:13","modified_gmt":"2019-10-19T22:50:13","slug":"ii-les-dones-a-les-colonies-industrials-la-pons-i-altres-colonies-a-catalunya-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/es\/ii-les-dones-a-les-colonies-industrials-la-pons-i-altres-colonies-a-catalunya-2\/","title":{"rendered":"II. Les dones a les col\u00f2nies industrials: La Pons i altres col\u00f2nies a Catalunya"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/span>\"alt\"<\/p>\n

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La Basi va con\u00e8ixer be la col\u00f2nia Pons per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 va fer amigues a altres col\u00f2nies t\u00e8xtils de Catalunya<\/strong>.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Ella \u00e9s qui ens explica molts detalls del paper que van jugar les dones en la industrialitzaci\u00f3 de Catalunya amb les col\u00f2nies, especialment les t\u00e8xtils relatats en aquest volum que s’ha presentat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tota aquesta informaci\u00f3 ha estat recollida en el llibre, “Les col\u00f2nies industrials de la conca del Llobregat. 150 anys d’hist\u00f2ria<\/a><\/strong>“, de la Rosa Serra i l’Albert Balcells que ha estat editat per la Diputaci\u00f3 de Barcelona. Les dones feien moltes hores cada dia i a m\u00e9s tiraven endavant la fam\u00edlia. Ho feien d’una manera discreta, an\u00f2nima callada, per\u00f2 cabdal. Els amos de les col\u00f2nies eren sempre homes. En la hist\u00f2ria nom\u00e9s hi ha hagut a Catalunya una col\u00f2nia t\u00e8xtil, la col\u00f2nia Bassacs, a Gironella, el Bergued\u00e0 de la qual n’era propiet\u00e0ria i fundadora una dona, Raimunda Bassacs i Fornells<\/strong> (1818-1883). Ella fou una emprenedora i industrial del t\u00e8xtil, s\u00f2cia de l’empresa a parts iguals amb el seu marit Joan Teixidor i Ball\u00fas<\/strong>. La Raimunda va ser una dona molt activa que va deixar empremta. El seu car\u00e0cter fort, la seva empenta la van portar a manar molt. La col\u00f2nia es coneixia com a cal Bassacs en reconeixement al seu lideratge. Ella dirigia la f\u00e0brica de la manera que ho feien els homes del seu temps, com un home sense difer\u00e8ncies ni matisos.<\/span><\/p>\n

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El Balan\u00e7 positiu a la vida de la Basi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La Basi t\u00e9 molts, molts records acumulats. I ens diu que est\u00e0 segura que el paper de les dones era troncal a les 63 col\u00f2nies de la conca del Llobregat (Llobregat, Cardener, Calders i Anoia), la majoria t\u00e8xtils, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 mineres, agr\u00edcoles i cimenteres analitzades en el llibre que es va presentar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abans d’acomiadar-nos ens explica que els seus quatre fills, tots nois, viuen fora de la col\u00f2nia. Ella volia ser infermera i es va quedar al t\u00e8xtil. T\u00e9 dos fills que s\u00f3n infermers, un treballa al Cl\u00ednic i l’altra a la pres\u00f3 de Mas d’Enric, al municipi del Catllar, a la comarca del Tarragon\u00e8s. “El meu fill, explica cofoia la Basi, que coneix a la presidenta del Parlament Carme Forcadel<\/strong>l que est\u00e0 internada en aquell centre penitenciari. Sempre em diu que es molt bona persona i amb fortes conviccions democr\u00e0tiques”. La Basi es pregunta si els seus fills haurien pogut estudiar si no haguessin viscut a la col\u00f2nia i no troba cap resposta. Per\u00f2 en tot cas est\u00e0 molt satisfeta d’haver-los pogut donar estudis i que cadascun d’ells puguin endavant\u00a0 la seva fam\u00edlia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\"EscolaEscola del Manager de la<\/span>\u00a0col\u00f2nia Pons\u00a0<\/span>@foto arxiu Rosa Serra<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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La col\u00f2nia Pons<\/strong><\/p>\n

Va ser fundada el 1875 per la fam\u00edlia manresana Pons, i \u00e9s probablement la col\u00f2nia t\u00e8xtil m\u00e9s interessant de Catalunya des del punt de vista monumental.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi destaquen dues torres, el xalet del director, una magn\u00edfica esgl\u00e9sia neog\u00f2tica, la casa-convent de les monges, i un conjunt notable de jardins i bosc, a m\u00e9s dels caracter\u00edstics habitatges plurifamiliars.<\/span><\/p>\n

La col\u00f2nia fou constru\u00efda entre 1875 i 1920, els anys de m\u00e0xim creixement econ\u00f2mic i d’especial protagonisme pol\u00edtic i econ\u00f2mic dels seus propietaris. Llu\u00eds G. Pons i Enrich, industrial i pol\u00edtic, fou un dels m\u00e0xims defensors del paternalisme industrial.<\/span><\/p>\n

La f\u00e0brica, dedicada a la producci\u00f3 de filats i teixits de cot\u00f3, ampli\u00e0 la seva producci\u00f3 amb la confecci\u00f3 de tovalloles als anys seixanta, esdevenint la principal activitat fins al seu tancament l’any 1992.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \"Dones\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\"Treballadores<\/p>\n

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Dones rentant roba a la vora el riu\u00a0<\/span>@foto arxiu Rosa Serra<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong>Operaris F\u00e0brica dels Srs Prat Germans. Puig-Reig 1906 @foto arxiu Rosa Serra<\/span><\/p>\n

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Altres col\u00f2nies a Catalunya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s de les col\u00f2nies de la conca del Llobregat n’hi havia tres m\u00e9s a la conca dels rius Ter-Fresser i algunes altres escampades per tot Catalunya com les del Canal de Pinyana, a Lleida, la qu\u00edmica de Flix, a l’Ebre, la cimentera de Vallcarca, o les agr\u00edcoles de Raimat, per exemple. El llibre n’explica aproximadament unes 110 que s’han pogut identificar.<\/span><\/p>\n

En el llibre, editat per la Diputaci\u00f3 de Barcelona, es parla de quatre o cinc generacions de persones que van viure en aquests nuclis industrials. Als anys seixanta, abans de l’arribada de la crisi, algunes van arribar a tenir m\u00e9s de mil treballadors i treballadores, encara que potser no tots ni totes vivien a la col\u00f2nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

En el cas de les col\u00f2nies mineres, la mobilitat era molt gran. Primer hi arribaven els homes i quan trobaven feina i pis, portaven la fam\u00edlia, procedents de zones mineres com Ast\u00faries, Terol, Almeria, Murcia… A les col\u00f2nies t\u00e8xtils les fam\u00edlies eren catalanes majorit\u00e0riament fins els anys 40-50 del s. XX, que van comen\u00e7ar a arribar treballadors d’altres punts de l’Estat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Teixidora\"\u00a0Maria Marg\u00f3, teixidora col\u00f2nia G\u00fcell (@foto arxiu Rosa Serra)<\/span><\/p>\n

Propostes muse\u00edstics de les col\u00f2nies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

La crisi dels anys 1980 del segle passat van posar fi a un model de col\u00f2nia i a una ind\u00fastria t\u00e8xtil de llarga traject\u00f2ria familiar. La majoria van tancar encara que algunes van recuperar l’activitat manufacturera amb petits tallers o ocupant algunes naus de les antigues col\u00f2nies, m\u00e9s mecanitzades i digitalitzades. “Les col\u00f2nies que van fer aquesta transformaci\u00f3 s’han salvat “, diu la historiadora i coautora del Llibre, Rosa Serra<\/strong>.<\/span>
L’autora afegeix que “els veritables protagonistes d’aquells anys van ser els treballadors i treballadores an\u00f2nims, que amb el seu esfor\u00e7 volien que les generacions seg\u00fcents tinguessin un estatus m\u00e9s benestant que el que ells havien tingut”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi ha exemples de col\u00f2nies que nom\u00e9s conserven l’espai industrial, com la Sed\u00f3 i algunes gr\u00e0cies al suport de la Diputaci\u00f3. La hist\u00f2ria de les col\u00f2nies no s’ha acabat, perqu\u00e8 moltes continuen lligades al territori, generant prosperitat a trav\u00e9s d’altres activitats tur\u00edstiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Una gran part de les m\u00e9s de 400 fotografies del llibre procedeixen d’arxius per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 de col\u00b7laboracions de gent de les col\u00f2nies, especialment de moltes dones que han explicat hist\u00f2ries i fins i tot la seva pr\u00f2pia hist\u00f2ria als autors del llibre. S’hi p<\/span>resenten propostes muse\u00edstiques que permeten que la gent les pugui visitar. En s\u00f3n exemples el Museu de les Mines de Cercs, la col\u00f2nia minera de Sant Corneli, amb una mitjana de 25.000 habitants l’any, o la col\u00f2nia G\u00fcell que amb una mitjana de 70.000 visites l’any permeten visitar una part de l’obra de Gaud\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No hay traducci\u00f3n disponible \u00a0 \u00a0 La Basi va con\u00e8ixer be la col\u00f2nia Pons per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 va fer amigues a altres col\u00f2nies t\u00e8xtils de Catalunya.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":35918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26416],"tags":[43612],"class_list":["post-67408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-empleo","tag-colonia-guell"],"yoast_head":"\nII. 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