{"id":94715,"date":"2026-10-15T19:52:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T17:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=94715"},"modified":"2026-10-16T19:42:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T17:42:44","slug":"en-arribar-a-la-vellesa-dones-migrants-tornen-a-mexic-amb-mes-malalties-i-necessitats-de-cura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/en-arribar-a-la-vellesa-dones-migrants-tornen-a-mexic-amb-mes-malalties-i-necessitats-de-cura\/","title":{"rendered":"En arribar a la vellesa dones migrants tornen a M\u00e8xic amb m\u00e9s malalties i necessitats de cura"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per<strong> Georgina Monroy V\u00e1zquez<\/strong>. Cimac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Especialistes de la UNAM assenyalen que les dones grans que retornen a M\u00e8xic enfronten problemes de salut i necessitats derivades de l&#8217;envelliment. Tornar a M\u00e8xic despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una vida marcada per la migraci\u00f3 laboral no sempre vol dir trobar millors condicions per envellir. Per a moltes dones m\u00e9s grans de 65 anys, el retorn ocorre acompanyat de malalties cr\u00f2niques, depend\u00e8ncia funcional, pocs recursos econ\u00f2mics i noves necessitats de cura.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El 2021, prop d&#8217;un mili\u00f3 de persones de 65 anys o m\u00e9s a M\u00e8xic va declarar haver migrat en algun moment de la seva vida als Estats Units per motius laborals. D&#8217;aquestes, m\u00e9s de 259 mil 900 eren dones, que enfrontaven bretxes de desigualtat econ\u00f2mica i de salut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durant la desena sessi\u00f3 del Seminari Permanent \u201cMigraci\u00f3, g\u00e8nere i treball\u201d, <strong>Sebasti\u00e1n Antonio Jim\u00e9nez Sol\u00eds<\/strong>, t\u00e8cnic acad\u00e8mic de l&#8217;Institut d&#8217;Investigacions Econ\u00f2miques (IIEc) de la UNAM, va destacar que 43.9% de les persones adultes m\u00e9s grans migrants presentaven multimorbilitat, \u00e9s a dir, almenys dues malalties cr\u00f2niques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El percentatge va ser superior al registrat entre les persones del mateix grup d&#8217;edat que no havien migrat, que va ser de 40,3%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;especialista va explicar que aquestes xifres mostren que les persones migrants arriben a la vellesa en condicions de salut que no s\u00f3n favorables. Per aix\u00f2, va considerar necessari analitzar les seves traject\u00f2ries laborals: a quins sectors van treballar, si van tenir acc\u00e9s a seguretat social i atenci\u00f3 m\u00e8dica i sota quines condicions van desenvolupar la seva vida laboral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9j0a0276-1920x800-1-1000x417.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-94718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9j0a0276-1920x800-1-1000x417.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9j0a0276-1920x800-1-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9j0a0276-1920x800-1-768x320.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9j0a0276-1920x800-1-1536x640.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9j0a0276-1920x800-1-scaled.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dones migrants enfronten m\u00e9s depend\u00e8ncia funcional<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els efectes de la migraci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 es reflecteixen a l&#8217;autonomia de les dones grans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&#8217;acord amb dades de l&#8217;Estudi Nacional sobre Salut i Envelliment a M\u00e8xic (ENASEM) 2021, el 29,9% de les persones grans migrants presentaven depend\u00e8ncia funcional, \u00e9s a dir, requeria assist\u00e8ncia o suport per realitzar activitats de la vida quotidiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre les dones no migrants, la proporci\u00f3 va ser de 26,8%. En el cas dels homes migrants, el percentatge va ser de 19.4%, davant del 15.1% entre els no migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00e9s, 45.9% de les adultes majors migrants eren v\u00eddues, mentre que 77.2% preferia viure en zones urbanes per mantenir-se a prop de les seves filles i fills i de les seves n\u00e9tes i n\u00e9ts, a m\u00e9s de participar en tasques de cura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre els factors associats amb una probabilitat m\u00e9s gran d&#8217;haver migrat hi ha un nivell d&#8217;escolaritat baix, residir en localitats rurals i viure en llars compartides amb altres generacions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Migrar per sostenir la fam\u00edlia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Erika Mart\u00ednez L\u00f3pez<\/strong>, integrant de l&#8217;IIEc i especialista en pol\u00edtiques de cura, va assenyalar que la migraci\u00f3 femenina est\u00e0 relacionada amb problemes de pobresa i atur, aix\u00ed com amb la necessitat de contribuir econ\u00f2micament al sosteniment de les fam\u00edlies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aix\u00f2 significa que les dones ja no migren \u00fanicament com a acompanyants de les seves parelles o familiars, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 com a treballadores que busquen generar ingressos i donar suport a casa seva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moltes van arribar als Estats Units joves i en edat reproductiva. Durant anys van haver d&#8217;exercir dues o fins i tot tres llocs de treball per subsistir, enviar recursos a M\u00e8xic i cobrir diferents necessitats familiars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest recorregut laboral, va explicar Mart\u00ednez L\u00f3pez, tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9 conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies en la qualitat de vida durant la vellesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan tornen a M\u00e8xic ho poden fer amb pocs recursos econ\u00f2mics, malalties cr\u00f2niques, sense un negoci propi i, en alguns casos, soles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Davant d&#8217;aquest escenari, l&#8217;especialista va q\u00fcestionar si hi ha prou programes socials i pol\u00edtiques p\u00fabliques capa\u00e7os d&#8217;acompanyar les dones durant el retorn i evitar que tornin a experimentar condicions d&#8217;exclusi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"417\" data-src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/diseno-sin-titulo-1920x800-1-1000x417.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-94719 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/diseno-sin-titulo-1920x800-1-1000x417.png 1000w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/diseno-sin-titulo-1920x800-1-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/diseno-sin-titulo-1920x800-1-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/diseno-sin-titulo-1920x800-1-1536x640.png 1536w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/diseno-sin-titulo-1920x800-1-scaled.png 1500w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1000px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1000\/417;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La vellesa tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;ha d&#8217;analitzar des de la migraci\u00f3 <\/strong> <br>La migraci\u00f3 tampoc no es pot entendre com una experi\u00e8ncia igual per a totes les persones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Daniela Castro Alquicira<\/strong>, integrant de l&#8217;IIEc i doctora en Economia, va assenyalar que cal considerar factors com la durada de la migraci\u00f3, el dest\u00ed, el tipus d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3, el moment de la tornada i les raons per les quals les persones tornen al seu pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el cas de les dones grans, la tornada pot estar relacionada amb una malaltia, la necessitat de rebre cures o diferents circumst\u00e0ncies associades amb l&#8217;envelliment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per aix\u00f2, analitzar la migraci\u00f3 des d&#8217;una perspectiva de g\u00e8nere implica mirar no nom\u00e9s les raons per les quals les dones se&#8217;n van, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 les condicions en qu\u00e8 tornen i com enfronten la vellesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El repte, van plantejar les especialistes, \u00e9s que el retorn no impliqui per a aquestes dones comen\u00e7ar novament una vida marcada per la precarietat, sin\u00f3 comptar amb pol\u00edtiques p\u00fabliques que en reconeguin la traject\u00f2ria laboral, les necessitats de salut i el dret a rebre cures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Foto Portada: Foto: UNAM <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Especialistes de la UNAM assenyalen que les dones grans que retornen a M\u00e8xic enfronten problemes de salut i necessitats derivades de l&#8217;envelliment.<\/p>\n<p>Tornar a M\u00e8xic despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una vida marcada per la migraci\u00f3 laboral no sempre vol dir trobar millors condicions per envellir. Per a moltes dones m\u00e9s grans de 65 anys, el retorn ocorre acompanyat de malalties cr\u00f2niques, depend\u00e8ncia funcional, pocs recursos econ\u00f2mics i noves necessitats de cura.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":94716,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26328,26535],"tags":[55531,55594,55530,55592,55593,55532,48038,55591,50833,47899],"class_list":["post-94715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia-i-treball","category-migracions-migracions","tag-cimac","tag-daniela-castro-alquicira","tag-dones-migrants","tag-enasem","tag-erika-martinez-lopez","tag-georgina-monroy-vazquez","tag-mexic-3","tag-sebastian-antonio-jimenez-solis","tag-unam-2","tag-vellesa-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>En arribar a la vellesa dones migrants tornen a M\u00e8xic amb m\u00e9s malalties i necessitats de cura | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Especialistes de la UNAM assenyalen que les dones grans que retornen a M\u00e8xic enfronten problemes de salut i necessitats derivades de l&#039;envelliment. Tornar a M\u00e8xic despr\u00e9s d&#039;una vida marcada per la migraci\u00f3 laboral no sempre vol dir trobar millors condicions per envellir. Per a moltes dones m\u00e9s grans de 65 anys, el retorn ocorre acompanyat de malalties cr\u00f2niques, depend\u00e8ncia funcional, pocs recursos econ\u00f2mics i noves necessitats de cura.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/en-arribar-a-la-vellesa-dones-migrants-tornen-a-mexic-amb-mes-malalties-i-necessitats-de-cura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"En arribar a la vellesa dones migrants tornen a M\u00e8xic amb m\u00e9s malalties i necessitats de cura | La Independent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Especialistes de la UNAM assenyalen que les dones grans que retornen a M\u00e8xic enfronten problemes de salut i necessitats derivades de l&#039;envelliment. Tornar a M\u00e8xic despr\u00e9s d&#039;una vida marcada per la migraci\u00f3 laboral no sempre vol dir trobar millors condicions per envellir. 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