{"id":92591,"date":"2026-05-07T19:51:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T17:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=92591"},"modified":"2026-05-08T13:51:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T11:51:02","slug":"cures-una-violencia-disfressada-damor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/cures-una-violencia-disfressada-damor\/","title":{"rendered":"Cures, una viol\u00e8ncia disfressada d’amor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Per Dixie Edith<\/strong>. SemLac Cuba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les c\u00e0rregues de la cura, quan recauen de forma sistem\u00e0tica, desproporcionada i no escollida sobre les dones, constitueixen una forma de viol\u00e8ncia estructural sustentada en la divisi\u00f3 sexual del treball; un ab\u00fas hist\u00f2ricament disfressat sota l’assignaci\u00f3 de \u00abtasques pr\u00f2pies de dones\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00ed es naturalitza el car\u00e0cter desigual d’una distribuci\u00f3 de responsabilitats que li assigna el gruix del treball de reproducci\u00f3 de la vida i de cures, mentre aquest roman invisibilitzat i no remunerat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No deixa blaus visibles, per\u00f2 s\u00ed \u201cun abandonament cr\u00f2nic, depend\u00e8ncia econ\u00f2mica i tamb\u00e9 oportunitats perdudes\u201d, considera el jurista Yuliesky Amador Echevarr\u00eda<\/strong>, coordinador de la Red Cubana de Estudios sobre Cuidados y profesor de la Universidad de Artemisa, a la prov\u00edncia del mateix nom, a uns 100 quil\u00f2metres al sud-oest de l’Havana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Per tant, estem parlant d\u00b4una viol\u00e8ncia silenciosa i m\u00e9s constant”, va precisar l\u00b4especialista en entrevista a SEMlac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
“El repte m\u00e9s gran \u00e9s aconseguir el reconeixement jur\u00eddic de la cura com a feina i que es tradueixi realment en canvis quotidians”, opina el jurista Yuliesky Amador Echevarr\u00eda. Foto: Cortesia de l’entrevistat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Podem recon\u00e8ixer i anomenar la sobrec\u00e0rrega de cures no remunerades com una forma de viol\u00e8ncia estructural contra les dones, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de veure-la com una simple \u201cresponsabilitat dom\u00e8stica\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cal comen\u00e7ar a dir les coses pel seu nom. Quan una c\u00e0rrega recau de forma sistem\u00e0tica, de manera desproporcionada i a m\u00e9s no escollida sobre un grup, en aquest cas les dones, ja no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s una responsabilitat dom\u00e8stica, com se sol dir, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un problema estructural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des de les ci\u00e8ncies socials i tamb\u00e9 des de l’enfocament de g\u00e8nere, aix\u00f2 s’ent\u00e9n com una expressi\u00f3 de l’anomenada divisi\u00f3 sexual del treball, on es valora all\u00f2 que \u00e9s productiu -que moltes vegades s’iguala a all\u00f2 que \u00e9s remunerat-, mentre all\u00f2 que \u00e9s reproductiu, aquesta cura, aquest sosteniment de la vida, s’invisibilitza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La clau es troba en tres indicadors: desigualtat, obligatorietat i manca de reconeixement. Si les dones dediquen m\u00e9s hores a tenir cura, tenen menys temps propi. A m\u00e9s, aquesta feina no es paga, ni es reconeix socialment. Per aix\u00f2 estem davant d’una forma de viol\u00e8ncia estructural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De quina manera les din\u00e0miques de cura impacten en la salut psicol\u00f2gica i f\u00edsica de les dones i com s’hauria d’abordar aquesta viol\u00e8ncia en els sistemes de protecci\u00f3?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan ens apropem al tema, en termes psicol\u00f2gics, la sobrec\u00e0rrega de cura genera all\u00f2 que la literatura anomena \u201cestr\u00e8s de rol o fatiga del cuidador\u201d, cosa que es tradueix en fatiga, ansietat, depressi\u00f3, insomni i una persistent sensaci\u00f3 d’estar en deute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com a viol\u00e8ncia f\u00edsica, es manifesta en malalties musculars, malalties cardiovasculars i desgast acumulat. Res d’aix\u00f2 no \u00e9s casual. Els sistemes de protecci\u00f3 haurien d’abordar-ho com un risc psicosocial i no nom\u00e9s com un assumpte privat. Aquests impactes fa molt de temps van deixar de ser privats i s\u00f3n responsabilitat de tota la societat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2 implica, doncs, la necessitat d’una detecci\u00f3 primerenca, serveis de suport que incloguin cures alternatives i, a m\u00e9s, pol\u00edtiques que redueixin la c\u00e0rrega i que, d’alguna manera, calen profund en la societat. Mentre la societat tendeixi m\u00e9s a veure aquesta situaci\u00f3 com un problema, m\u00e9s deixarem de considerar-ho un assumpte privat i m\u00e9s import\u00e0ncia li donarem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des del marc jur\u00eddic cub\u00e0, com es visibilitza i tipifica la sobrec\u00e0rrega de cures com una forma de viol\u00e8ncia basada en la divisi\u00f3 sexual del treball? Quins mecanismes legals o de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica podrien recon\u00e8ixer i compensar la feina de cures no remunerada?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el cas cub\u00e0, encara que no sempre es nomena expl\u00edcitament com a viol\u00e8ncia, s\u00ed que hi ha aven\u00e7os importants. El Codi de les Fam\u00edlies introdueix el principi de coresponsabilitat en la cura, cosa que encara hem d’explotar molt\u00edssim, sobretot a partir dels canvis de patrons de g\u00e8nere. Tamb\u00e9 reconeix que no s\u00f3n tasques exclusives de les dones. A m\u00e9s, el marc constitucional actual promou la igualtat real i la no-discriminaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avui el repte m\u00e9s gran \u00e9s aconseguir que aquest reconeixement jur\u00eddic realment es tradueixi en canvis quotidians. Hi ha una idea molt forta: si la cura sost\u00e9 la vida i, a m\u00e9s, sost\u00e9 l’economia, no pot continuar sent invisible ni gratu\u00efta per defecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nivell general, ja sabem que funcionen els sistemes nacionals de cura, les llic\u00e8ncies parentals, el reconeixement de les pensions; per\u00f2 portat al context cub\u00e0, \u00e9s clar, cal continuar aterrant cadascuna d’aquestes q\u00fcestions. Enfortir encara m\u00e9s el sistema integral de cures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 passa per donar a con\u00e8ixer millor el Sistema Nacional per a la Cura Integral de la Vida i seguir treballant fort per portar-lo a la base, a cadascun dels territoris del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sistema de salut en l’atenci\u00f3 i la cura<\/strong>
Les pol\u00edtiques laborals tamb\u00e9 haurien de ser m\u00e9s flexibles i equitatives respecte a horaris, llic\u00e8ncies i condicions que permetin a homes i dones cuidar realment de manera coresponsable. Foto: SEMlac Cuba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuba ja t\u00e9 una infraestructura social constru\u00efda: cercles infantils, un sistema de salut, d’atenci\u00f3 a persones adultes majors; per\u00f2 cal articular-ho encara m\u00e9s quant a pol\u00edtiques, accessibilitat i, per descomptat, des d’un reconeixement m\u00e9s gran en la seguretat social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estem parlant d’incorporar els anys dedicats a la cura en aquest c\u00e0lcul de pensions, cosa que seria un pas clau per evitar que moltes dones arribin a la vellesa en desavantatge econ\u00f2mic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coneixem molt\u00edssims casos de dones que han hagut d’abandonar la feina en algun centre de treball per dedicar-se \u201cnom\u00e9s\u201d a la feina de cures i aquest \u201cnom\u00e9s\u201d tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 invisibilitzant que aquestes tasques s\u00f3n feina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per tant, recon\u00e8ixer aquests anys de treball com a cuidadora tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un pas clau, necessari i important per empoderar aquestes dones i per continuar reconeixent tot aquest tema de la seguretat social i les cures. A m\u00e9s, significa un reconeixement efectiu del valor econ\u00f2mic de la cura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quines estrat\u00e8gies legals i socials permetrien desmuntar la naturalitzaci\u00f3 de les tasques de cura com a pr\u00f2pies de dones i com avan\u00e7ar cap a una redistribuci\u00f3 coresponsable?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No n’hi ha prou nom\u00e9s amb canviar lleis, tamb\u00e9 cal canviar mentalitats. Les lleis ajuden a emp\u00e8nyer el canvi, per\u00f2 el canvi tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 en l’educaci\u00f3 que puguem rebre des d’edats primerenques i en totes les accions de sensibilitzaci\u00f3 que puguem fer a la societat. Aix\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 comporta una implementaci\u00f3 real del marc jur\u00eddic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tamb\u00e9 s\u00f3n essencials els suports comunitaris i locals. En un pa\u00eds com Cuba, on el que \u00e9s comunitari t\u00e9 molt de pes real, els municipis han de continuar desenvolupant xarxes de suport a la cura que, realment, alleugin aquesta c\u00e0rrega quotidiana que sostenen les dones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sempre insisteixo: tot passa per modificar aquesta construcci\u00f3 social de g\u00e8nere. Hem de trencar el motlle de \u201cmama cuida, pare proveeix\u201d, abans que es torni autom\u00e0tic. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s realment essencial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per\u00f2, a m\u00e9s, cal entendre que aquesta educaci\u00f3 amb enfocament de g\u00e8nere s\u00ed que \u00e9s necess\u00e0ria des d’edats primerenques i no veure-la nom\u00e9s com un programa obligatori, o com un assumpte que es vol inserir sense necessitat en el sistema educatiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Homes participen a les cures
Si els homes no s’incorporen activament a cura, no hi ha redistribuci\u00f3 possible, assegura Amador Echevarr\u00eda. Foto: SEMlac Cuba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Igualment, cal treballar en campanyes de b\u00e9 p\u00fablic i amb els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3; visibilitzar que la cura tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s una feina i no nom\u00e9s un \u201cdo femen\u00ed\u201d o \u201cproducte de l’amor\u201d. Cuba realment t\u00e9 capacitat de mobilitzaci\u00f3 comunicativa i hi ha una eina potent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les pol\u00edtiques laborals haurien de ser m\u00e9s flexibles i equitatives quant a horaris, llic\u00e8ncies i condicions que permetin a homes i dones cuidar realment de manera corresponsable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No es pot oblidar la feina amb les masculinitats. Si els homes no s’incorporen activament a cura, no hi ha redistribuci\u00f3 possible. Aix\u00f2 realment no \u00e9s opcional, \u00e9s estructural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e9s, insisteixo, hem d’aprofitar all\u00f2 comunitari, les xarxes barrials, familiars, que realment s\u00f3n aliades per canviar pr\u00e0ctiques quant a la cura i la manera de mirar-ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desmuntar tota aquesta naturalitzaci\u00f3 implica un canvi de l\u00f2gica: la cura ha de deixar de ser ajuda i passar a ser responsabilitat social compartida. Quan aix\u00f2 s’interioritzi, el canvi deixar\u00e0 de ser un discurs i comen\u00e7ar\u00e0 a notar-se realment en all\u00f2 que fem, en el dia a dia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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Les c\u00e0rregues de la cura, quan recauen de forma sistem\u00e0tica, desproporcionada i no escollida sobre les dones, constitueixen una forma de viol\u00e8ncia estructural sustentada en la divisi\u00f3 sexual del treball; un ab\u00fas hist\u00f2ricament disfressat sota l’assignaci\u00f3 de \u00abtasques pr\u00f2pies de dones\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":92592,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26431,26328],"tags":[53115,47293,47818,48315,54690,47753,47295,54688,26252,54689],"class_list":["post-92591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cura","category-economia-i-treball","tag-bretxes-de-genere","tag-cuba-3","tag-cures-2","tag-dixie-edith-3","tag-enfocament-de-genere","tag-semlac-2","tag-semlac-cuba","tag-treball-domestic","tag-violencies-masclistes-2","tag-yuliesky-amador-echevarria"],"yoast_head":"\nCures, una viol\u00e8ncia disfressada d'amor | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les c\u00e0rregues de la cura, quan recauen de forma sistem\u00e0tica, desproporcionada i no escollida sobre les dones, constitueixen una forma de viol\u00e8ncia estructural sustentada en la divisi\u00f3 sexual del treball; 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