{"id":91846,"date":"2026-03-19T20:55:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T19:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=91846"},"modified":"2026-03-20T19:47:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T18:47:33","slug":"els-nens-de-la-guerra-memoria-art-i-dictadura-entre-gernika-i-argentina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/els-nens-de-la-guerra-memoria-art-i-dictadura-entre-gernika-i-argentina\/","title":{"rendered":"“Els nens de la guerra”, mem\u00f2ria, art i dictadura entre Gernika i Argentina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Escrit per Sandra Miguez<\/strong>. Fotos Sandra Miguez i Tona Gusi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi ha ciutats on la mem\u00f2ria no es troba nom\u00e9s en els arxius: \u00e9s a les parets, en els relats de les fam\u00edlies, en els museus que intenten reconstruir all\u00f2 que una guerra va voler esborrar. A Euskadi (el Pa\u00eds Basc), la ciutat de Gernika<\/strong> ocupa aquest lloc. All\u00e0, el record del bombardeig de 1937 conviu amb una altra hist\u00f2ria menys coneguda fora d’Espanya: la de les criatures separades de les seves fam\u00edlies durant la guerra i la postguerra franquista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conversa recent amb l’actriu Mireia Rey<\/strong> i la directora de \u00abDonde re\u00edrla\u00bb, Triana Doce<\/strong>, torna a obrir aquesta dimensi\u00f3 cultural de la mem\u00f2ria<\/sup>. La seva mirada parteix d’una pregunta que tamb\u00e9 travessa l’Argentina: com es transmeten les hist\u00f2ries de les dictadures a les generacions que no les van viure<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La resposta apareix en els llocs on el passat encara es reconstrueix. Un d’ells \u00e9s el Museu de la Pau de Gernika, un espai dedicat a documentar les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies humanes de la Guerra del 1936-1939.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All\u00e0 es recorda que el 26 d’abril de 1937 la ciutat va ser bombardejada per l’aviaci\u00f3 alemanya de la Legi\u00f3 C\u00f2ndor, aliada del b\u00e0ndol franquista. La destrucci\u00f3 del poble es va convertir en un dels s\u00edmbols de la viol\u00e8ncia contra la poblaci\u00f3 civil durant el conflicte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Imatges de l’exposici\u00f3 de la pla\u00e7a de Gernika que recorda el bombardeig<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Entre els testimonis conservats a l’arxiu del museu apareix el record de qui era infant en aquell moment. Un d’ells descriu l’impacte de l’atac amb una frase que condensa la mem\u00f2ria d’aquella jornada:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cEl bombardeig de Gernika no se m’oblidar\u00e0 mai. Ser\u00e0 l’impressi\u00f3 m\u00e9s forta de la meva vida\u201d<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

La guerra va deixar una altra marca profunda: la ruptura de la inf\u00e0ncia. Milers de nens i nenes van ser evacuats, un bon nombre a Catalunya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I al mateix temps i posteriorment a l’estranger per escapar dels bombardeigs i de la repressi\u00f3 posterior. La historiografia espanyola calcula que m\u00e9s de 34.000 menors bascos van sortir del pa\u00eds cap a Fran\u00e7a, la Gran Bretanya, B\u00e8lgica, la Uni\u00f3 Sovi\u00e8tica o l’Am\u00e8rica Llatina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al museu, aquesta hist\u00f2ria apareix reconstru\u00efda en exposicions recents com \u201cEl ojo de la aguja. Ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os de la guerra\u201d,<\/em> que reuneix fotografies familiars, documents i testimonis transmesos entre generacions. Un dels textos curatorials que acompanya la mostra resumeix l’experi\u00e8ncia d’aquells despla\u00e7aments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cMilers de nenes i nens van haver d’abandonar la seva llar per sobreviure a la guerra. Molts no van tornar fins anys despr\u00e9s i d’altres no van tornar mai\u201d<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Aquest recorregut inclou tamb\u00e9 obres contempor\u00e0nies que dialoguen amb la mem\u00f2ria hist\u00f2rica<\/sup>. Entre elles apareix el treball de l’artista visual Judith Mart\u00ednez Estrada<\/strong>, la investigaci\u00f3 art\u00edstica de la qual parteix d’arxius familiars i relats transmesos dins de les comunitats basques<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les seves peces combinen fotografia, documents i materials narratius per reconstruir l’exili infantil provocat per la guerra<\/sup>. El resultat funciona com una esp\u00e8cie d’arxiu visual: una forma de narrar el que les hist\u00f2ries familiars van conservar durant d\u00e8cades<\/sup>. La pregunta que travessa el seu treball \u00e9s simple i profunda alhora: qu\u00e8 passa amb la identitat quan la inf\u00e0ncia queda travessada per la viol\u00e8ncia pol\u00edtica<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquest interrogant connecta directament amb la hist\u00f2ria argentina<\/sup>. Durant l’\u00faltima dictadura militar, el terrorisme d’Estat va desenvolupar un sistema d’apropiaci\u00f3 de nadons nascuts en captiveri<\/sup>. Les mares romanien detingudes en centres clandestins; els nens eren lliurats a fam\u00edlies vinculades amb les forces repressives o amb l’aparell del r\u00e8gim<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e8cades despr\u00e9s, la cerca continua a trav\u00e9s de la feina d‘Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo,<\/em> que ha aconseguit restituir m\u00e9s d’un centenar d’identitats. Diferents artistes marquen una narrativa en aquest sentit, com el treball “Ausencias”<\/em> del fot\u00f2graf Gustavo Germano<\/strong> inaugurat fa 20 anys. Es tracta d’un projecte expositiu que, partint de material fotogr\u00e0fic d’\u00e0lbums familiars, mostra catorze casos a trav\u00e9s dels quals es posa rostre a l’univers dels qui ja no hi s\u00f3n: treballadors, militants de barri, estudiants, obrers, professionals, fam\u00edlies senceres; elles i ells, v\u00edctimes del pla sistem\u00e0tic de repressi\u00f3 il\u00b7legal i desaparici\u00f3 for\u00e7ada de persones instaurat per la dictadura militar a l’Argentina entre 1976 i 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fotografies de la mostra “Ausencias” de Gustavo Germano.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L’Estat espanyol va con\u00e8ixer una altra forma de ruptura familiar. Durant la postguerra franquista, milers de criatures de republicans van ser separats de les seves mares a les presons o en institucions estatals. En molts casos, les autoritats els van canviar els cognoms per impedir que fossin reclamats per les seves fam\u00edlies biol\u00f2giques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les traject\u00f2ries hist\u00f2riques d’ambd\u00f3s pa\u00efsos s\u00f3n diferents<\/sup>. Tanmateix, el problema que afronten avui \u00e9s similar: reconstruir identitats que la viol\u00e8ncia pol\u00edtica va intentar esborrar<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triana Doce, directora de \u00abDonde re\u00edrla\u00bb, planteja a l’entrevista que l’art t\u00e9 una funci\u00f3 particular en aquest proc\u00e9s<\/sup>. El teatre, el cinema o les arts visuals poden treballar amb all\u00f2 que els documents oficials no arriben a explicar: les emocions, els silencis familiars, les hist\u00f2ries fragmentades<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En aquest sentit, les obres que s’exhibeixen a Gernika, les produccions culturals que apareixen a l’Argentina o en diferents comunitats del m\u00f3n comparteixen un mateix objectiu: recordar el passat i entendre com aquest passat continua actuant en el present. Cada arxiu que s’obre, cada fossa comuna que s’identifica, cada neta i n\u00e9t recuperat modifica el relat col\u00b7lectiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La mem\u00f2ria hist\u00f2rica no \u00e9s un cap\u00edtol tancat<\/sup>. \u00c9s una conversa que continua passant<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Escrit per Sandra Miguez. Fotos Sandra Miguez i Tona Gusi Hi ha ciutats on la mem\u00f2ria no es troba nom\u00e9s en els arxius: \u00e9s a les parets, en els relats de les fam\u00edlies, en els museus que intenten reconstruir all\u00f2 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":91918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26524],"tags":[54385,47595,54387,51667,47809,54373,54386,54379,54376,54371,47559,47562,54372],"class_list":["post-91846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-memoria-historica","tag-abuelas-plaza-de-mayo","tag-argentina-2","tag-dictadures","tag-exposicio-3","tag-franquisme-3","tag-gernika","tag-guerra-36-39","tag-gustavo-germano","tag-judith-martinez-estrada","tag-mireia-rey","tag-sandra-miguez-2","tag-tona-gusi","tag-triana-doce"],"yoast_head":"\n"Els nens de la guerra", mem\u00f2ria, art i dictadura entre Gernika i Argentina | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Escrit per Sandra Miguez. 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