{"id":90910,"date":"2026-01-29T20:58:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T19:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=90910"},"modified":"2026-01-30T18:39:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T17:39:41","slug":"antifemina-el-llibre-feminista-de-colita-i-maria-aurelia-capmany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/antifemina-el-llibre-feminista-de-colita-i-maria-aurelia-capmany\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Antif\u00e9mina\u2019. El llibre feminista de Colita i Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Escrit per Leonor Sed\u00f3<\/strong> eMagazine<\/em> 39ymas.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa dona \u00e9s un \u00e9sser marginat tant si es fa monja com si es fa prostituta, tant si envelleix com si lluita aferrissadament per conservar la joventut\u00bb, Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La recuperaci\u00f3 del llibre Antif\u00e9mina<\/em> t\u00e9 com a objectiu posar en valor la figura de dues dones intel\u00b7lectuals i valentes que van lluitar, en una \u00e8poca convulsa, per dignificar el fet de ser dona i parlar de feminisme de manera clara i directa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La dona \u201cfemenina\u201d era en aquella \u00e8poca: bonica, m\u00e9s aviat prima, afectuosa, fecundable, amant de la llar i dels infants, com a m\u00ednim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, totes les altres dones \u2014grans, menop\u00e0usiques, amb arrugues, cabells blancs, amb sobrep\u00e8s, solteres, independents\u2026\u2014 qu\u00e8 eren? Colita<\/strong> i Capmany les van definir com a: \u201cAntif\u00e9mines\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hist\u00f2ria d\u2019Antif\u00e9mina<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Va ser el 1976 quan Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany, escriptora i activista, cansada de veure com es definia la feminitat i com els mecanismes del sistema convertien les dones en coses, va proposar a Colita posar fotografies als seus textos; uns textos que parlarien de la dona, de les seves realitats, els seus destins, els seus desitjos, les seves diferents edats i condicions, les seves frustracions, les seves pobreses\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Colita (Isabel Steva Hern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>), fotoperiodista reconeguda, va remenar els seus arxius fotogr\u00e0fics per aportar les imatges que parlessin de tot aix\u00f2: de coses, actituds i costums que calia exposar i denunciar per poder canviar, per reivindicar la dona com a igual a l\u2019home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al cap d\u2019un any tenien el llibre llest amb el t\u00edtol Antif\u00e9mina<\/em>. Van rec\u00f3rrer totes les editorials de Catalunya sense cap \u00e8xit, fins que un amic els va obrir la possibilitat d\u2019anar a Madrid, a l\u2019Editora Nacional, a veure l\u2019editor Antonio S\u00e1nchez-Gij\u00f3n <\/strong>(pare de la popular actriu Aitana S\u00e1nchez-Gij\u00f3n<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antonio S\u00e1nchez-Gij\u00f3n, un intel\u00b7lectual de ment oberta, va acceptar el repte de publicar el primer llibre gr\u00e0fic obertament feminista de la hist\u00f2ria postfranquista. Se\u2019n van imprimir 3.000 exemplars i en van sortir al carrer 500.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El llibre va ser immediatament segrestat per les estructures franquistes que encara imperaven en plena transici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica, i va desapar\u00e8ixer. Aix\u00f2 va passar un any abans que se sign\u00e9s la Constituci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La censura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En unes declaracions publicades a nodo50.org, referint-se a la censura, diu Colita: \u00abHe conviscut amb la censura tota la vida, he estat als jutjats amb acusacions de pornografia per fotografiar unes monges en tanga que es flagel\u00b7laven amb cilicis! Aleshores f\u00e8iem coses m\u00e9s b\u00e8sties que ara\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la revista Reportes<\/em> van arribar uns cilicis per si vol\u00edem fer alguna cosa, i ho vaig fer. Ara seria inconcebible fer una cosa aix\u00ed, seria pol\u00edticament incorrecte, i aleshores ho f\u00e8iem per provocar. No \u00e9s per penjar-me medalles de nena dolenta, per\u00f2 f\u00e8iem coses que ara no se\u2019ns passarien pel cap\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primera nova edici\u00f3 d\u2019Antif\u00e9mina<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els textos contundents de Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany i les fotografies captivadores de Colita van suposar una aut\u00e8ntica commoci\u00f3 en el fr\u00e0gil clima de la transici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica posterior a la dictadura franquista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Va ser el 2021 quan, amb l\u2019esfor\u00e7 i el lideratge de l\u2019Arxiu Colita Fotografia, dirigit per Francesc Polop<\/strong>, i mitjan\u00e7ant una coproducci\u00f3 de l\u2019editorial Terranova i l\u2019Ajuntament de Barcelona, Antif\u00e9mina<\/em> va tornar a veure la llum en una nova edici\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Francesc Polop, despr\u00e9s de m\u00e9s de dos anys de treball, va localitzar i restaurar els negatius originals, sempre sota la supervisi\u00f3 i aprovaci\u00f3 de la fot\u00f2grafa, que va morir l\u2019\u00faltim dia de desembre de 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nova edici\u00f3, que va aprofitar l\u2019excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia t\u00e8cnica actual per mostrar les fotografies tal com la seva autora les hauria volgut originalment, va ser controlada personalment per Colita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els textos de Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany, morta el 1991, van ser respectats \u00edntegrament per retre homenatge a la seva mem\u00f2ria i demostrar, malauradament, la plena vig\u00e8ncia de les seves den\u00fancies i reflexions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La dedicat\u00f2ria d\u2019aquesta edici\u00f3 diu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abA la mem\u00f2ria de la meva estimada i enyorada Maria Aur\u00e8lia, mare de la idea i autora del text. Mai les meves fotos havien estat tan ben acompanyades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per a Francesc Polop, amic i company, que va rescatar l\u2019Antif\u00e9mina<\/em> del bagul dels treballs oblidats. La va restaurar, la va vestir, la va rentar, la va pentinar, la va defensar i ens la va retornar brillant com una moneda de plata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e0cies i gr\u00e0cies.
Colita
Barcelona, setembre de 2021\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exposici\u00f3 de fotografies Colita. Antif\u00e9mina<\/em> i reedici\u00f3 del llibre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En l\u2019acte d\u2019inauguraci\u00f3 de l\u2019exposici\u00f3 Colita. Antif\u00e9mina<\/em> al Disseny Hub Barcelona, el 31 d\u2019octubre de 2025, es va presentar la reedici\u00f3 d\u2019Antif\u00e9mina<\/em>, responsabilitat compartida de l\u2019Ajuntament de Barcelona i el DHub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La reedici\u00f3, que mant\u00e9 el disseny i la maqueta primig\u00e8nia, vol evitar que s\u2019oblidi un treball que denunciava les formes de discriminaci\u00f3 i desigualtat en qu\u00e8 vivien les dones i que es va convertir en un referent gr\u00e0fic i pol\u00edtic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tal com Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany va escriure: \u00abla dona \u00e9s un \u00e9sser marginat tant si es fa monja com si es fa prostituta, tant si envelleix com si lluita aferrissadament per conservar la joventut\u00bb. Realment, les seves paraules continuen plenament vigents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La seva recuperaci\u00f3 t\u00e9 com a objectiu posar en valor el llibre, aix\u00ed com la figura de dues dones intel\u00b7lectuals i valentes que van lluitar en una \u00e8poca convulsa per dignificar el fet de ser dona i parlar de feminisme de manera clara i directa, a partir de la po\u00e8tica visual de Colita i la narrativa de Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la presentaci\u00f3 hi van participar Francesc Polop, director de l\u2019Arxiu Colita Fotografia i comissari de l\u2019exposici\u00f3; Mary Nash<\/strong>, pionera en l\u2019estudi de la hist\u00f2ria de les dones i del feminisme a l\u2019Estat espanyol, i autora del pr\u00f2leg; Anna Surinyach<\/strong>, periodista; i Oriol Guiu<\/strong>, director d\u2019edici\u00f3 del Servei d\u2019Edicions i Publicacions de l\u2019Ajuntament de Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019exposici\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La mostra, formada per 117 fotografies en blanc i negre de Colita, que es pot visitar fins al 25 de gener de 2026, revela la gran rellev\u00e0ncia i la riquesa polifac\u00e8tica de la vida de les dones. Una corporalitat femenina en tota la seva diversitat de formes, est\u00e8tiques, edats, bellesa i lletjor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi veiem cossos empoderats, s\u00f2lids, decoratius, marcats per la joventut o erosionats per la vellesa i el treball. El conjunt ofereix una representaci\u00f3 col\u00b7lectiva pr\u00f2pia de la difer\u00e8ncia cultural de g\u00e8nere i de les seves implicacions, acompanyada dels textos cr\u00edtics de Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019exposici\u00f3 est\u00e0 organitzada en deu \u00e0mbits, com els deu cap\u00edtols en qu\u00e8 es divideix el llibre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Hist\u00f2ria d\u2019una soledat<\/em>, les fotografies ens mostren la vellesa en la dona; a Cursa femenina amb asseguran\u00e7a de vellesa<\/em>, hi veiem la dona, els preparatius de boda, l\u2019enlla\u00e7 i la fam\u00edlia; a Treball o faena<\/em>, dones treballant a f\u00e0briques o al camp; a La religi\u00f3 com a refugi<\/em>, imatges de santes o sants, esgl\u00e9sies, cementiris\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019apartat Una professi\u00f3 arriscada<\/em> presenta fotografies de prostitutes \u2014o, com ara se les anomena, treballadores del sexe\u2014, aix\u00ed com d\u2019espais on es venien preservatius, es feien rentats o es tractaven malalties genitourin\u00e0ries; Esquarterar un cos<\/em> ofereix imatges d\u2019anuncis de teatres de varietats o de maniquins femenins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A La dona marginada a la societat<\/em> es poden veure innombrables fotografies de dones, nenes i fam\u00edlies gitanes; L\u2019art d\u2019arribar a ser cosa<\/em> presenta, per exemple, una sabata a la sorra o models de moda; a La disfressa<\/em>, imatges de majorettes; i a El piropo<\/em>, els t\u00edpics homes\u00a0llen\u00e7ant floretes<\/em>\u00a0a les dones (sovint de manera grollera).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colita. Antif\u00e9mina<\/em> al C\u00edrculo de Bellas Artes de Madrid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019exposici\u00f3 Colita. Antif\u00e9mina<\/em>, tamb\u00e9 comissariada per Francesc Polop, es va presentar al C\u00edrculo de Bellas Artes de Madrid entre febrer i maig de 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En els darrers temps, la fot\u00f2grafa havia estat treballant en l\u2019organitzaci\u00f3 del seu arxiu fotogr\u00e0fic i havia anat dipositant-ne parts en diverses institucions: l\u2019Arxiu i la Filmoteca de Catalunya, l\u2019Arxiu de l\u2019Ajuntament de Barcelona, la Fundaci\u00f3 Rafael Campalans o el Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanmateix, el seu arxiu fotogr\u00e0fic personal, anomenat Arxiu Colita Fotografia, est\u00e0 ple de contactes que la fot\u00f2grafa continuava ordenant i que \u00e9s parcialment accessible a trav\u00e9s del seu lloc web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francesc Polop, amic seu des de fa m\u00e9s de quaranta anys i director de l\u2019arxiu, fa m\u00e9s de deu anys que col\u00b7labora en la seva catalogaci\u00f3, restauraci\u00f3 i digitalitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019exposici\u00f3 va mostrar per primera vegada una selecci\u00f3 representativa del treball fotogr\u00e0fic de Colita. Reunia, a m\u00e9s de material documental i audiovisual divers, 94 de les 176 fotografies que cont\u00e9 el llibre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es tractava de la primera mostra celebrada despr\u00e9s de la mort de l\u2019autora, el desembre de 2023. Va ser tamb\u00e9 el seu darrer projecte, ja que va ser treballat i concebut amb ella fins a l\u2019\u00faltim detall, fet que va convertir l\u2019exposici\u00f3 en un homenatge a la seva traject\u00f2ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonts:<\/strong>
Colita \u2013 Traject\u00f2ria de la fotoperiodista i les seves experi\u00e8ncies<\/a>
nodo50.org \/ xarxafeminista
Premsa del DHub
lafabrica.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origen de les imatges:<\/strong>
Fotografies: \u00a92026 L. Sed\u00f3
Fotografies: \u00a92026 A. Xamb\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Escrit per Leonor Sed\u00f3 eMagazine 39ymas.com \u00abLa dona \u00e9s un \u00e9sser marginat tant si es fa monja com si es fa prostituta, tant si envelleix com si lluita aferrissadament per conservar la joventut\u00bb, Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany. La recuperaci\u00f3 del llibre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":90911,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26299,26704,26577],"tags":[49129,53835,53836,53837,48610,25758,48502,53838,49350,49335,50002,52568,51411,53839],"class_list":["post-90910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","category-fotografia","category-llibres","tag-anna-surinyach","tag-antifemina","tag-antonio-sanchez-gijon","tag-censura-franquista","tag-colita-2","tag-destacada","tag-destacat","tag-exposicio-fotografies","tag-francesc-polop","tag-isabel-steva-hernandez","tag-leonor-sedo-3","tag-maria-aurelia-capmany-3","tag-mary-nash-2","tag-oriol-guiu"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Antif\u00e9mina\u2019. 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