{"id":86852,"date":"2025-05-08T20:53:24","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T18:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=86852"},"modified":"2025-05-09T11:03:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T09:03:57","slug":"dones-dominen-en-ciencia-pero-no-en-registre-individual-de-patents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/dones-dominen-en-ciencia-pero-no-en-registre-individual-de-patents\/","title":{"rendered":"Dones dominen en ci\u00e8ncia, per\u00f2 no en registre individual de patents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per<strong> Dixie Edith. Cuba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La majoria de les sol\u00b7licituds de patents registrades per Cuba el 2021, amb molta participaci\u00f3 de dones, provenia dels centres d&#8217;Enginyeria Gen\u00e8tica i Biotecnologia, d&#8217;Immunologia Molecular i el Nacional d&#8217;Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques i van incloure estudis associats a les vacunes contra la Covid-19. Foto: SEMlac Cuba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tot i l&#8217;alta participaci\u00f3 de les cubanes en el sistema de ci\u00e8ncia, tecnologia i innovaci\u00f3, les estad\u00edstiques mostren que la majoria de les patents amb participaci\u00f3 femenina s\u00f3n col\u00b7lectives i pr\u00e0cticament no hi ha registres nom\u00e9s de dones. Ho confirmen les dades publicades per l&#8217;Observatori de Cuba sobre igualtat de g\u00e8nere.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El 2021, l&#8217;Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Propietat Intel\u00b7lectual (OMPI) va anunciar que Cuba va assolir aquest any una proporci\u00f3 de 53 per cent d&#8217;inventores entre els sol\u00b7licitants de patents internacionals, la qual cosa la va conduir a ocupar el primer lloc entre 74 pa\u00efsos participants a l&#8217;estudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El van seguir Filipines (38%), Portugal (34%), Costa Rica i Per\u00fa (tots dos amb 29%, respectivament); aix\u00ed com Xile i Espanya, amb el 26% cadascun. Segons l&#8217;informe, nom\u00e9s el 17% de les persones esmentades a les sol\u00b7licituds internacionals de patents aquell any eren dones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La majoria de les sol\u00b7licituds de patents registrades per Cuba provenien dels centres d&#8217;Ingenieria Gen\u00e9tica y Biotecnologia, d&#8217;Immunologia Molecular y el Nacional de Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques i van incloure estudis associats a la pand\u00e8mia de covid-19, inclosos els de les vacunes Sobirana 01, Sobirana 02 i Abdala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En general, la pres\u00e8ncia de dones en l&#8217;\u00e0mbit cient\u00edfic cub\u00e0 assoleix llocs que posicionen el pa\u00eds caribeny com a referent internacional al sector. La xifra d&#8217;investigadores categoritzades, per exemple, s&#8217;ha anat incrementant fins al 53,7% el 2023, mentre els homes arriben al 42,7%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elles tamb\u00e9 representen des del 2021 m\u00e9s de 60 per cent dels que tenen especialitzaci\u00f3 en tecnologies d&#8217;avan\u00e7ada, corroboren dades del Subsistema d&#8217;Informaci\u00f3 Estad\u00edstica Complementaria (Siec) del Ministeri de Ci\u00e8ncia, Tecnolog\u00eda y Medi Ambient (Citma), publicades a l&#8217;Observatori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En tancar les dades del 2024 tamb\u00e9 es va ratificar un increment de la participaci\u00f3 femenina a l&#8217;Acad\u00e8mia de Ci\u00e8ncies de Cuba (ACC), cosa que passa des de finals del segle passat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des d&#8217;un modest 25,9% en el per\u00edode 1998-2002, la representaci\u00f3 de dones a l&#8217;ens acad\u00e8mic ha augmentat progressivament fins a assolir el 39% en l&#8217;etapa corresponent a 2024-2029, segons dades del Directori d&#8217;Acad\u00e8mics d&#8217;aquesta instituci\u00f3, publicades tamb\u00e9 per l&#8217;Observatori de Cuba sobre Igualtat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00e9s de la representaci\u00f3 num\u00e8rica, destaca la participaci\u00f3 de les dones en llocs de lideratge dins la instituci\u00f3. Quatre de les cinc vicepresid\u00e8ncies que formen part del Consell Directiu de l&#8217;ACC estan ocupades per dones, mentre que quatre m\u00e9s figuren com a coordinadores de les seccions de Ci\u00e8ncies Agr\u00e0ries i de la Pesca, Ci\u00e8ncies M\u00e8diques, Ci\u00e8ncies Naturals i Exactes, i Ci\u00e8ncies Socials i Human\u00edstiques, va referir el diari Granma el mar\u00e7 de 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Qu\u00e8 passa amb les patents?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No obstant aix\u00f2, hist\u00f2ricament la proporci\u00f3 de patents sol\u00b7licitades exclusivament per dones ha estat molt baixa, cosa que mostra que participen activament en equips d&#8217;innovaci\u00f3, per\u00f2 el lideratge individual en aquest terreny continua sent un desafiament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si b\u00e9 entre el 2012 i el 2023 les cient\u00edfiques han estat presents en m\u00e9s del 50 per cent de les sol\u00b7licituds nacionals de patents \u2013excepte el 2013, 2014 i 2015\u2013, entre el 2018 i el 2023 no es van registrar peticions realitzades nom\u00e9s per dones. El 2024 aquesta xifra amb prou feines va arribar al 8,3%, d&#8217;acord amb les estad\u00edstiques publicades a l&#8217;Observatori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-solicitud-de-patentes.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-86856\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-solicitud-de-patentes.png 900w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-solicitud-de-patentes-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-solicitud-de-patentes-768x428.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gr\u00e0fic patents a la ci\u00e8ncia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Hist\u00f2ricament, la proporci\u00f3 de patents sol\u00b7licitades exclusivament per dones ha estat molt baixa. Tot i que elles s\u00f3n majoria entre els que fan ci\u00e8ncia, el lideratge individual continua sent un desafiament. Foto: Gr\u00e0fic de l&#8217;Observatori de Cuba sobre igualtat de g\u00e8nere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una causa pot ser que, a Cuba, la investigaci\u00f3 i el desenvolupament es realitzen majorit\u00e0riament en equips i en institucions estatals, on les patents se sol\u00b7liciten de forma col\u00b7lectiva o institucional, cosa que limita la possibilitat que les dones apareguin com a titulars individuals, encara que participin activament en els invents. Per\u00f2, a m\u00e9s, les cubanes assumeixen m\u00e9s c\u00e0rrega de treball dom\u00e8stic i cura no remunerada, en dedicar de mitjana m\u00e9s hores setmanals a aquestes tasques que els homes, cosa que redueix el seu temps i energia per liderar projectes innovadors o gestionar investigacions de forma individual. Aix\u00ed ho va recon\u00e8ixer <strong>B\u00e1rbara P\u00e9rez, <\/strong>graduada de F\u00edsica i professora de la Universitat de l&#8217;Havana, durant la presentaci\u00f3 del projecte \u201cNoies en la ci\u00e8ncia\u201d, resultat de la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 entre la Facultat de Comunicaci\u00f3 de la Universitat de l&#8217;Havana i la revista Joventut T\u00e8cnica, a la recerca d&#8217;inspirar nenes i joves a estudiar carreres de les ci\u00e8ncies, mitjan\u00e7ant la difusi\u00f3 d&#8217;hist\u00f2ries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Segons P\u00e9rez, la c\u00e0rrega desproporcionada de les tasques dom\u00e8stiques i la cura familiar \u201climita el temps i la dedicaci\u00f3 que poden invertir en les seves carreres cient\u00edfiques i crea un desequilibri en l&#8217;aven\u00e7 professional de les dones\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest projecte de comunicaci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 va evidenciar una realitat identificada per moltes cient\u00edfiques a l&#8217;illa: encara persisteixen barreres com la invisibilitat de la participaci\u00f3 femenina en aquest camp, que obstaculitzen el progr\u00e9s professional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entrevistades per \u201cNoies a la ci\u00e8ncia\u201d, <strong>Marianniz D\u00edaz Hern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, llicenciada en Qu\u00edmica, i <strong>Claudia Aracelis Plasencia<\/strong>, en Bioqu\u00edmica i Biologia molecular, van assegurar que falta \u201cvisibilitzar encara de tot el que les dones aconsegueixen des dels laboratoris\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En aquest mateix sentit, la jove doctora en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 <strong>Suilan Est\u00e9vez Velarde <\/strong>va confessar en entrevista amb SEMlac que les nenes solen rebre missatges subtils o directes que fan que es limiti el seu l&#8217;inter\u00e8s i la confian\u00e7a en les disciplines cient\u00edfiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Professora de la Universitat de l&#8217;Havana i experta en Intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia Artificial (IA), segons Est\u00e9vez Velarde, \u201cmostrar models de dones reeixides en l&#8217;\u00e0mbit de les ci\u00e8ncies -i en particular en les tecnologies- tamb\u00e9 resulta clau per estimular el desig d&#8217;estudiar aquestes especialitats i dedicar-se a aquestes professions\u201d. I perqu\u00e8 despr\u00e9s s&#8217;empoderin als seus respectius camps de recerca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Cubanas 2x01: Suilan Est\u00e9vez\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K8vsAv8p7rc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"La Nota #05: Mujeres en la ciencia, desafiar los l\u00edmites\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V6hec3ltm7o?start=91&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>FONT: SEMLac<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tot i l&#8217;alta participaci\u00f3 de les cubanes en el sistema de ci\u00e8ncia, tecnologia i innovaci\u00f3, les estad\u00edstiques mostren que la majoria de les patents amb participaci\u00f3 femenina s\u00f3n col\u00b7lectives i pr\u00e0cticament no hi ha registres nom\u00e9s de dones, confirmen dades publicades per l&#8217;Observatori de Cuba sobre igualtat de g\u00e8nere.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":86865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26283,26587],"tags":[52314,52331,52332,52333,47293,48315,52330,49225,52313,52315,52329,47753,52317],"class_list":["post-86852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lideratge","category-recerca","tag-barbara-perez","tag-biotecnologia-2","tag-cientifiques","tag-claudia-aracelis-plasencia","tag-cuba-3","tag-dixie-edith-3","tag-enginyeria-genetica","tag-ia","tag-immunologia-molecular","tag-marianniz-diaz-hernandez","tag-ompi","tag-semlac-2","tag-suilan-estevez-velarde"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dones 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