{"id":86721,"date":"2025-05-08T20:56:31","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T18:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=86721"},"modified":"2025-05-09T18:24:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T16:24:56","slug":"guardianes-de-la-memoria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/guardianes-de-la-memoria\/","title":{"rendered":"Guardianes de la mem\u00f2ria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Per Carmen Huertas Vega<\/strong>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jos\u00e9 Ma Garc\u00eda-Consuegra Flores<\/strong>, mestre giron\u00ed, abans arque\u00f2leg a Catalunya i ara professor d’hist\u00f2ria en un institut granad\u00ed d’alumnat humil, educa els nois i noies en la investigaci\u00f3 de la mem\u00f2ria recent del pa\u00eds perqu\u00e8 aprenguin a pensar, tenir esperit cr\u00edtic i ser bons ciutadans i ciutadanes. El seu m\u00e8tode: instar a que facin entrevistes a les seves \u00e0vies, acudeixin a exposicions i xerrades, vegin pel\u00b7l\u00edcules i llegeixin llibres (ha aconseguit disposar d’una bona biblioteca en el seu centre, moltes vegades regalant ell els seus llibres), consultin arxius, visitin fosses, entrevistin experts, intercanvi\u00efn textos amb altres instituts, i que exposin a classe les seves investigacions i, finalment, que redactin articles sobre all\u00f2 apr\u00e8s. Aquests articles es publiquen en un xat de l’Institut per a l’alumnat i les seves fam\u00edlies.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La majoria de totes aquestes experi\u00e8ncies les realitzen generalment les noies, que es defineixen feministes, noies que es mostren com a persones rebels, disposades a canviar les pr\u00f2pies realitats i les dels seus pobles. Vet aqu\u00ed l’article d’una d’elles, de 17 anys\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Guardianes de la mem\u00f2ria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta reflexi\u00f3 est\u00e0 dedicada a les oblidades, les humiliades, les represaliades, les que durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola es van quedar i van ser testimonis, i sobretot v\u00edctimes en primera persona del terror. A elles, les guardianes de la mem\u00f2ria, perqu\u00e8 en la seva paraula perviu la por i en els records no hi ha lloc per a l’oblit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El documental de Francisco Artacho<\/strong> titulat Guardianes de la mem\u00f2ria que vam poder veure com una de les activitats inicials de classe en la mat\u00e8ria d’Hist\u00f2ria d’Espanya, explica la hist\u00f2ria d’un petit poble de C\u00f2rdova, Benamej\u00ed, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s la hist\u00f2ria de tots aquells llocs on durant la guerra no hi va haver guerra perqu\u00e8 r\u00e0pidament va triomfar el cop contra la Rep\u00fablica i el seu sistema democr\u00e0tic, per\u00f2 s\u00ed que hi va haver mort. \u00c9s curi\u00f3s que quan se’ls ha preguntat, la majoria dels homes de Benamej\u00ed asseguren que no hi va haver guerra, sense aprofundir m\u00e9s en el tema ni proporcionar m\u00e9s dades. Per qu\u00e8? Potser per la por, perqu\u00e8 estan acostumats a donar aquesta resposta, o simplement perqu\u00e8 molts no eren all\u00e0 sin\u00f3 al front o havien fugit. La veritat \u00e9s que aquesta resposta \u00e9s totalment encertada: a Benamej\u00ed no hi va haver guerra, igual que en gran part d’Andalusia. No hi va haver front, ni dos b\u00e0ndols armats lluitant entre ells. En aquests llocs nom\u00e9s hi va haver dolor causat per persones impulsades per l’odi i l’orgull, moltes de les quals, a m\u00e9s, ciutadans del mateix municipi. De fet, es calcula que hi va haver m\u00e9s dels 140.000 persones desaparegudes for\u00e7ades a Espanya durant la repressi\u00f3 franquista, 50.000 van ser d’Andalusia, cosa que vol dir que, efectivament, no hi va haver guerra, hi va haver genocidi per causes ideol\u00f2giques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tots del poble\u2026 i els que mataven\u2026 Tamb\u00e9 eren del poble!<\/strong>
[Testimoni de Carmen Moreno<\/strong>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot i aix\u00f2 la reacci\u00f3 de les dones entrevistades ha estat molt diferent de la dels homes als quals Francisco Artacho, el director del documental, havia preguntat. Perqu\u00e8 durant la guerra les dones es van quedar i van veure i van patir coses indescriptibles. M’han impactat molt els seus testimonis, la seva decisi\u00f3 en parlar, el dolor a la seva mirada, la resta de por que encara roman i les cicatrius produ\u00efdes per anys de patiment inefable. Gr\u00e0cies a aquestes dones podem con\u00e8ixer una petita part del que tantes persones van passar. I dic una petita part perqu\u00e8 nom\u00e9s elles poden saber de deb\u00f2 el que van viure, nosaltres nom\u00e9s ens hi podem acostar. Una d’aquestes dones, en explicar la seva hist\u00f2ria, ha dit alguna cosa que m’ha fet reflexionar i ho ha dit com si estigu\u00e9s pensant en veu alta, com si ho digu\u00e9s per a ella mateixa: \u00e9s bonic aix\u00f2 de poder-se expressar. Com hem pogut arribar a aquest nivell d’inhumanitat? Com \u200b\u200bpot estar una persona tan agra\u00efda per alguna cosa que hauria de ser i haver estat sempre un dret innegable? Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s fruit d’anys de silenci i por, de la repressi\u00f3 que van passar per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 de tots els anys posteriors a la dictadura en qu\u00e8 han estat callades, pel terror que les escoltin, que es repeteixi el que van viure o per no voler implicar la seva fam\u00edlia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durant la guerra van ser les dones les qui van sostenir la vida, vivint \u00fanicament per a la superviv\u00e8ncia de la seva fam\u00edlia. Nenes que des de molt poca edat ja feien feines pr\u00f2pies d’una persona adulta, que cuidaven a les i als m\u00e9s petits de la familia quan eren elles les que necessitaven ser cuidades. Aquests nens i nenes van perdre la seva inf\u00e0ncia i d’un dia per l’altre es van haver de fer responsables d’assumptes que cap canalla hauria d’assumir mai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Que varem passar-ho molt malament! Massa!<\/strong>
[Testimoni de Josefa<\/strong>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e9s, les dones van haver d’enfrontar-se a la humiliaci\u00f3 constant dels membres de la Falange, de l’Esgl\u00e9sia i la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil durant d\u00e8cades, obligant-les a quedar-se a casa, encara que s\u00ed que les treien per rapar-les i passejar-les pel carrer perqu\u00e8 tothom les vei\u00e9s i aix\u00ed ridiculitzar-les i deshumanitzar-les, i ja sabem que tot el que no \u00e9s considerat hum\u00e0 en el sentit moral i c\u00edvic, \u00e9s quelcom repulsiu i menyspreable. Si deien que havien matat el pare, el germ\u00e0 o el marit eren marginades i acusades per ser filles, germanes o esposes d’un roig. O simplement ho eren per haver parit un roig. Per aquestes raons es veien obligades a amagar la veritat i fins i tot a donar falsos testimonis de defunci\u00f3, simplement perqu\u00e8 la seva mainada pogu\u00e9s menjar una vegada al dia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2 ho vaig veure jo, i no em poden dir que \u00e9s mentida.<\/strong>
[Testimoni de Ana Maria<\/strong>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f3n horribles les coses que aquestes dones expliquen, el que van veure, van suportar i van haver de callar, representacions de la maldat a qu\u00e8 pot arribar el g\u00e8nere hum\u00e0: mares veient morir els seus nadons a la falda, mainada veient morir les seves mares, amistats que han de deixar de ser-ho perqu\u00e8 un d’ells \u00e9s fill d’un roigl, persones del poble, de tota la vida, matant als seus veins de sempre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’altra banda, una cosa que caracteritza tota dictadura \u00e9s el seu esfor\u00e7 per esborrar tota empremta de repressi\u00f3. En el cas del franquisme es van encarregar de convertir els assassinats i executats en desapareguts<\/em>. A Benamej\u00ed s’explica que hi va haver un llibre, una llista de les v\u00edctimes d’aquesta brutal repressi\u00f3 que va escriure l’avi de l’autor del documental. No obstant, sospitosament, ning\u00fa no ha aconseguit trobar-lo mai. I \u00e9s que d’aix\u00f2 es tracta, d’esborrar la mem\u00f2ria, d’obligar a oblidar. All\u00f2 que no es recorda \u00e9s mort, i la mort no nom\u00e9s \u00e9s individual, la mort tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un fet comunitari. Van desapar\u00e8ixer tots els documents d’aquest tipus perqu\u00e8 si no hi \u00e9s, no ha passat. Malauradament la mem\u00f2ria \u00e9s selectiva i la hist\u00f2ria la explica qui ha ven\u00e7ut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El que passa \u00e9s que per m\u00e9s que s’oculti o es destrueixi qualsevol document, les v\u00edctimes no es poden esborrar de la mem\u00f2ria familiar perqu\u00e8 no se’n pot esborrar el record. No \u00e9s possible destruir ni cremar la mem\u00f2ria de dones com Josefa, Dolores o Ana Mar\u00eda; no \u00e9s possible tancar per for\u00e7a les seves cicatrius; no \u00e9s possible reinventar la seva hist\u00f2ria, ni all\u00f2 que van veure, ni all\u00f2 que van patir. Els seus records perviuen i mai ning\u00fa els hi podr\u00e0 arrabassar. I en aix\u00f2 consisteix la for\u00e7a de la mem\u00f2ria, en almenys intentar i ajudar que reobrin a poc a poc aquestes ferides mal curades i mal cosides perqu\u00e8 puguin curar-se i cicatritzar decentment i dignament. Unes ferides que durant tant de temps han estat falsament tapades per la por i el silenci. Ens poden intentar condemnar a l’oblit, per\u00f2 la mem\u00f2ria \u00e9s una cosa pr\u00f2pia de cada persona i conjuntament podem reconformar una mem\u00f2ria col\u00b7lectiva dif\u00edcil de v\u00e8ncer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per les v\u00edctimes, per les persones represaliades, pels desapareguts i desaparegudes, pe r les persones silenciades, i les oblidades. Per elles i ells que tots i totes siguem “Guardians de la mem\u00f2ria”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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*Carmen Huertas Vega<\/strong> estudia 2\u00f3n de Batxillerat-B (IES Montes Orientales de Iznalloz, Granada)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per Carmen Huertas Vega* Jos\u00e9 Ma Garc\u00eda-Consuegra Flores, mestre giron\u00ed, abans arque\u00f2leg a Catalunya i ara professor d’hist\u00f2ria en un institut granad\u00ed d’alumnat humil, educa els nois i noies en la investigaci\u00f3 de la mem\u00f2ria recent del pa\u00eds perqu\u00e8 aprenguin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":86738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26656],"tags":[52242,52244,52245,49734,52241,47809,52247,52246,52243,52040,50375,52001],"class_list":["post-86721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinio-memoria","tag-carmen-huertas-vega","tag-carmen-moreno-2","tag-esglesia-3","tag-falange","tag-francisco-artacho","tag-franquisme-3","tag-granada-2","tag-guardia-civil-2","tag-guerra-civil-espanyola","tag-jose-ma-garcia-consuegra-flores","tag-memoria-historica-5","tag-repressio-3"],"yoast_head":"\nGuardianes de la mem\u00f2ria | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Per Carmen Huertas Vega* Jos\u00e9 Ma Garc\u00eda-Consuegra Flores, mestre giron\u00ed, abans arque\u00f2leg a Catalunya i ara professor d'hist\u00f2ria en un institut granad\u00ed\" \/>\n<meta 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