{"id":85202,"date":"2025-01-30T20:52:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T19:52:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=85202"},"modified":"2025-01-30T21:53:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T20:53:59","slug":"qui-tem-el-genere-conversa-amb-judith-butler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/qui-tem-el-genere-conversa-amb-judith-butler\/","title":{"rendered":"Qui tem el g\u00e8nere? Conversa amb Judith Butler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Per Doni Holloway<\/strong>, VS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per qu\u00e8 s\u2019han generalitzat tant els atacs al g\u00e8nere, especialment dins dels moviments de dretes? La nostra convidada d\u2019aquesta setmana assenyala que “la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 del g\u00e8nere est\u00e0 fonamentalment lligada al futur del nostre m\u00f3n democr\u00e0tic”. Judith Butler \u00e9s fil\u00f2sofa, te\u00f2rica del g\u00e8nere i cr\u00edtica cultural. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s professora distingida a l\u2019escola de postgrau de la Universitat de Calif\u00f2rnia a Berkeley. Butler \u00e9s autora de nombrosos llibres, entre ells el m\u00e9s recent Qui tem el g\u00e8nere?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Judith Butler:<\/strong> La q\u00fcesti\u00f3 del g\u00e8nere est\u00e0 fonamentalment vinculada al futur del nostre m\u00f3n democr\u00e0tic i crec que cometr\u00edem un error si pens\u00e9ssim que es tracta simplement d\u2019una pol\u00edtica d\u2019identitat o que est\u00e0 fragmentant l\u2019esquerra o que \u00e9s una noci\u00f3 artificial. No ho \u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chris Hayes:<\/strong> Recordo que el cap de setmana anterior a les eleccions del 2022 vaig llegir un article de Dave Weigel.<\/strong> Dave havia anat a una mena de gran m\u00edting de tancament de campanya a Michigan de la candidatura republicana. I una de les persones que va ser cap de cartell en aquest m\u00edting va ser una exnedadora anomenada Riley Gaines<\/strong>, campiona de nataci\u00f3 a la Universitat de Kentucky, el nom de la qual es va utilitzar posteriorment per a una campanya contra els atletes trans. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Riley Gaines s\u2019ha convertit en una mena de causa celebrada per les persones que estan profundament interessades en mantenir les persones trans fora de l\u2019atletisme competitiu o for\u00e7ar-les a competir en un g\u00e8nere que no \u00e9s el g\u00e8nere declarat per elles mateixes. Era un tema estrany per tancar la campanya en aquest Estat. Recordo que vaig pensar, \u00bfaix\u00f2 els funcionar\u00e0? B\u00e9, no va funcionar a Michigan, on els dem\u00f2crates van arrasar. Aix\u00f2 no ha impedit que els republicans i els conservadors hagin invertit incre\u00efblement en la batalla contra les persones trans i les joves trans i, m\u00e9s \u00e0mpliament, contra el que ells anomenen la ideologia de g\u00e8nere: que el g\u00e8nere no \u00e9s innat, que \u00e9s fluid, que la gent pot tenir g\u00e8neres diferents del seu sexe biol\u00f2gic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Que s\u00f3n categories diferents. I no nom\u00e9s lluiten contra aquestes concepcions, sin\u00f3 especialment contra els nens o joves. I aix\u00f2 s\u2019ha convertit en una enorme causa en la guerra pol\u00edtica. \u00c9s una obsessi\u00f3 a tota la pol\u00edtica de dretes i no nom\u00e9s als EUA, sin\u00f3 arreu del m\u00f3n. Vladimir Putin <\/strong>parla d\u2019ideologia de g\u00e8nere i Viktor Orb\u00e1n<\/strong> tamb\u00e9. D\u2019on ve aquesta obsessi\u00f3 i quina \u00e9s aquesta ideologia que diuen que estan combatent?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I sobre la resposta a aquesta pregunta hi ha un nou llibre de la persona que crec que \u00e9s la principal te\u00f2rica del g\u00e8nere dels nostres temps. Qui tem el g\u00e8nere?<\/em> Judith Butler va saltar a la fama el 1990 amb el seu innovador llibre El g\u00e8nere en disputa. El feminisme i la subversi\u00f3 de la identitat<\/em>. Benvinguda al programa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tinc curiositat per con\u00e8ixer com vas comen\u00e7ar a pensar en el g\u00e8nere com a te\u00f2rica i a reflexionar sobre el seu significat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Judith Butler:<\/strong> B\u00e9, en primer lloc, permet-me dir que crec que tots teoritzem sobre el g\u00e8nere. La teoria del g\u00e8nere \u00e9s un camp, podr\u00edem dir, o part d\u2019una disciplina, els estudis de g\u00e8nere, els estudis feministes, els estudis sobre la dona. De petita, crec que probablement teoritzava sobre el g\u00e8nere sense saber que era aix\u00f2 el que estava fent. No entenia gaire b\u00e9 qu\u00e8 significava quan la meva mare deia que es maquillaria o es retocaria els ulls o la cara. Eren expressions molt interessants. Jo l\u2019observava, com una mena d\u2019etn\u00f2grafa infantil, preguntant-me: com es defineix un mateix com a g\u00e8nere o com el g\u00e8nere que casualment li havia tocat a la meva mare?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I potser la meva percepci\u00f3 es va complicar tamb\u00e9 pel fet que la meva fam\u00edlia estava involucrada en els cinemes locals, que projectaven les principals pel\u00b7l\u00edcules de Hollywood. S\u2019estava assimilant com a jueva als Estats Units i van prendre algunes d\u2019aquestes figures de Hollywood com a models, oi? Aix\u00ed que el meu avi s\u2019assemblava molt a Clark Gable<\/strong>, o ho intentava, i la meva mare, o m\u00e9s aviat la meva \u00e0via, intentava assemblar-se a Helen Hayes<\/strong>, i no s\u00e9 gaire b\u00e9 a qui emulava la meva mare, per\u00f2 a mi em recordava una mica a Joan Crawford<\/strong>, la veritat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En qualsevol cas, crec que m\u00e9s endavant a la meva vida, \u00e9s a dir, quan vaig ser a l\u2019institut i a la universitat, vaig ser sens dubte una feminista compromesa i segueixo sent-ho. I, per descomptat, una de les preguntes fonamentals del feminisme \u00e9s: qu\u00e8 significa ser dona i ser home? O hi ha restriccions sobre com podem viure o a qui podem estimar o quin tipus de feina podem fer? I totes elles implicaven decidir i tornar a decidir quins eren aquests g\u00e8neres, dona i home. (Ser dona o ser home suposen) decisions que no es tanquen d\u2019una vegada per sempre a la vida. I de fet, d\u2019aix\u00f2 \u00e9rem conscients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00ed que, a trav\u00e9s de la teoria feminista, vaig comen\u00e7ar a interessar-me pel g\u00e8nere, encara que no esperava escriure sobre aix\u00f2. Per\u00f2 els meus amics del departament d\u2019estudis de g\u00e8nere em van dir: mira el que pots fer sobre aix\u00f2. I com que m\u2019estava formant com a fil\u00f2sofa, vaig pensar que valia la pena. Aix\u00ed que vaig triar Simone de Beauvoir<\/strong> com a punt de partida i aix\u00f2 va ser realment important per a mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chris Hayes:<\/strong> B\u00e9, tornem al que acabes de dir sobre la fragmentaci\u00f3 de l\u2019esquerra, (\u2026) tamb\u00e9 hi ha gent que es considera d\u2019esquerres, que es considera liberal, que s\u2019ha radicalitzat en contra (\u2026) Tens un cap\u00edtol en el llibre sobre aix\u00f2, en especial sobre l\u2019experi\u00e8ncia al Regne Unit, on aquesta radicalitzaci\u00f3 \u00e9s extremadament intensa. No crec que es diguin a elles mateixes TERF, encara que crec que en certa manera s\u00f3n una forma renovada de feministes radicals trans-excloents. Es tracta d\u2019una tradici\u00f3 que es remunta a diverses d\u00e8cades enrere i que parteix d\u2019algunes q\u00fcestions fonamentals sobre l\u2019essencialisme de g\u00e8nere, de la comprensi\u00f3 del que \u00e9s el feminisme de la segona o tercera onada. Com entens la intensitat d\u2019aquest tipus d\u2019activisme antitrans entre part de la gent que es considera o s\u2019ha considerat liberal o d\u2019esquerres?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Judith Butler:<\/strong> \u00c9s una molt bona pregunta. Admeto que em confon. No entenc per qu\u00e8 la gent, especialment les feministes, que han lluitat contra la discriminaci\u00f3 durant tant de temps, defensen activament la discriminaci\u00f3 contra les persones trans o desacrediten l\u2019autodefinici\u00f3 de les persones que se sotmeten a un canvi de g\u00e8nere o a una reassignaci\u00f3 de sexe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crec que \u00e9s possible que el feminisme s\u2019hagi dividit internament entre aquelles que intenten fonamentar el feminisme en un essencialisme biol\u00f2gic per establir una base molt espec\u00edfica per a les seves pol\u00edtiques. Per\u00f2, de fet, crec que cometen un error, perqu\u00e8 nom\u00e9s mitjan\u00e7ant l\u2019alian\u00e7a i la solidaritat podrem defensar els drets b\u00e0sics, especialment els drets de les minories en sentit ampli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuente: Viento Sur<\/p>\n\n\n\n


msnbc.com<\/a><\/em>
(Entrevista abreujada per aquesta edici\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traducci\u00f3: Viento Sur<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Butler \u00e9s autora de nombrosos llibres, entre ells el m\u00e9s recent\u00a0Qui tem el g\u00e8nere?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":85209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26693,26434],"tags":[51663,51664,51665,49657,48546,51666],"class_list":["post-85202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-discriminacio","category-sexualitat","tag-butler","tag-chris-hayes","tag-joan-crawford-2","tag-lgtbiiq","tag-usa-3","tag-viktor-orban-2"],"yoast_head":"\nQui tem el g\u00e8nere? Conversa amb Judith Butler | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Per qu\u00e8 s\u2019han generalitzat tant els atacs al g\u00e8nere, especialment dins dels moviments de dretes? 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