{"id":83813,"date":"2024-11-07T22:58:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T21:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=83813"},"modified":"2024-11-07T23:22:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T22:22:56","slug":"dones-a-les-ones-una-altra-historia-de-la-radio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/dones-a-les-ones-una-altra-historia-de-la-radio\/","title":{"rendered":"Dones a les Ones. Una altra hist\u00f2ria de la r\u00e0dio"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Per Elvira Alt\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El 14 de novembre de 1924 s\u2019inaugura una emissora de r\u00e0dio que ha rebut l\u2019indicatiu oficial de EAJ1. La r\u00e0dio neix en \u00e8poca de dictadura de Primo de Rivera, per tant amb censura informativa i en castell\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les veus que han fet hist\u00f2ria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una de les primeres persones que va parlar per la r\u00e0dio va ser una dona, era la Maria Sabat\u00e9<\/strong>, secret\u00e0ria del director, que l\u2019any 1924 feia les pertinents proves de so, inaugurant aix\u00ed un mitj\u00e0 de comunicaci\u00f3  que ha resultat cabdal en la hist\u00f2ria, no nom\u00e9s en l\u2019\u00e0mbit de la comunicaci\u00f3, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 en la pol\u00edtica i la societat d\u2019aquest darrer segle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La primera locutora no arriba fins el 1926, i \u00e9s Maria Cinta Balaguer<\/strong>, que condueix el programa femen\u00ed. \u00c9s tamb\u00e9 l\u2019any en que tamb\u00e9 comen\u00e7a a operar com a t\u00e8cnica d\u2019emissi\u00f3, M\u00aa \u00c1ngeles Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, que s\u2019inicia en les operacions de control de so als 22 anys i es mant\u00e9 en actiu a l\u2019emissora 38 anys, fins a 1965, en qu\u00e8 es jubila com a encarregada d\u2019emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Locutores republicanes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Francina Boris<\/strong>, a R\u00e0dio Girona de RAC, 1933<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fins la d\u00e8cada dels 30, amb la proclamaci\u00f3 de la Rep\u00fablica, no apareix la primera i \u00fanica periodista de l\u2019\u00e8poca. Maria Carme Nicolau<\/strong>, redactora en cap de la revista La dona catalana<\/em> \u00e9s contractada per R\u00e0dio Barcelona com auxiliar dels serveis informatius. Nicolau redacta not\u00edcies i condueix, La Paraula,<\/em> l\u2019informatiu del migdia. En un exercici de transversalitat ben interessant hi introdueix, el programa Radiof\u00e8mina,<\/em> l\u2019espai adre\u00e7at a l\u2019audi\u00e8ncia femenina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9s l\u00edcit pensar que la situaci\u00f3 professional de les locutores durant els anys 30 del segle passat estava prou consolidada, amb noms coneguts i estimats per l\u2019audi\u00e8ncia, com Rosa Cot\u00f3<\/strong>, a R\u00e0dio Barcelona, o Rosal\u00eda Rovira<\/strong>, a R\u00e0dio Associaci\u00f3, dues aut\u00e8ntiques estrelles que l\u2019arribada del franquisme no nom\u00e9s va apagar sin\u00f3 que les va castigar amb el silenci, allunyant-les del micr\u00f2fon i de qualsevol feina que tingu\u00e9s a veure amb la r\u00e0dio o el teatre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cau un tel\u00f3 fosc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u00eddia Ruano<\/strong>, Roda de Ter, anys 50\u2019 presentant el Disco solicitado<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En els primers anys de franquisme les emissores tornen al castell\u00e0, estava prohibit fins i tot parlar en catal\u00e0 entre els companys i les dones van quedar redu\u00efdes als espais de m\u00fasica, presentant el Disco solicitado<\/em> o Disco dedicado<\/em>, on omplien hores d\u2019emissi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Quadre d\u2019actrius de R\u00e0dio Sabadell, 1955. Foto @Museu Sabadell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un altre dels elements que va configurar aquelles d\u00e8cades dels 50, 60 i meitat dels 70 van ser les produccions de dram\u00e0tics, que es van fer popular a moltes emissores, les quals tenien contractat el seu propi quadre art\u00edstic, format per actors i actrius professionals, aix\u00ed com per directors i guionistes. En la majoria d\u2019emissores comptaven amb un grup esc\u00e8nic per interpretar les funcions de r\u00e0dio teatre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els consultoris<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alguns formats adre\u00e7ats a l\u2019audi\u00e8ncia femenina han tingut \u00e8xit i s\u2019han mantingut m\u00e9s de quatre d\u00e8cades en antena, com els consultoris sentimentals, que ja van comen\u00e7ar en l\u2019\u00e8poca republicana i van acabar amb ben entrada la democr\u00e0cia, Maruja Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong> fent d\u2019Elena Francis, acomiada l\u2019espai el 1984 a Radio Peninsular, i Mercedes Laspra <\/strong>interpreta a Montserrat Fortuny des de 1939 fins al 1981, segurament el format m\u00e9s longeu de la radiodifusi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La transici\u00f3, una sacsejada al dial<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Montserrat Minobis<\/strong> a R\u00e0dio 4, 1990. Foto L. Guerrero<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anna Comas <\/strong>i Olga Rodr\u00edguez<\/strong> a la redacci\u00f3 de RNE, 1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amb la transici\u00f3 i l\u2019arribada de la democr\u00e0cia, la programaci\u00f3 rep una sacsejada i els perfils radiof\u00f2nics es modifiquen, l’eliminaci\u00f3 de la censura i de l\u2019exclusivitat informativa de l\u2019Estat, que havia durat 38 anys (1939-1977), permet crear els serveis de not\u00edcies, i com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, moltes periodistes aterren a la r\u00e0dio, com Anna Comas<\/strong> (R4) o N\u00faria Rib\u00f3 <\/strong>(La Ser), algunes locutores es converteixen en editores i presentadores dels seus propis programes, com Adelina Castillejo<\/strong> o Montserrat Minobis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noves emissores en catal\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019equip de l\u2019emissora Ona Catalana, a Girona, 1998. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un altre dels fen\u00f2mens que permet la democr\u00e0cia \u00e9s la creaci\u00f3 de cadenes d\u2019emissores en catal\u00e0, tan p\u00fabliques com privades, el desembre de 1976 R\u00e0dio-4 de RNE i una mica abans R\u00e0dio Olot, inicien el cam\u00ed, i el 1983 s\u2019obre Catalunya R\u00e0dio, on triomfa a les tardes Adelina Castillejo<\/strong>, i a la mateixa \u00e8poca Cadena 13, posa en marxa una xarxa d\u2019emissores, que va funcionar durant nou anys permetent que moltes professionals tastessin el micr\u00f2fon, com M\u00f2nica Terribas<\/strong>, Pepa Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, Fina Brunet, <\/strong>per posar alguns exemples. Com r\u00e0dio apareix el mar\u00e7 de 1995 amb bones professionals, que hi van presentar programes com S\u00edlvia C\u00f2ppulo<\/strong>, Elisenda Roca<\/strong>, entre moltes d\u2019altres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ona Catalana va ser una emissora privada en catal\u00e0, que engega el 1998 a Girona i s\u2019expandeix per Catalunya i fitxa a Neus Bonet<\/strong>, com a directora de continguts, per\u00f2  aquesta experi\u00e8ncia tampoc s\u2019allarga gaire en el temps i el 2007 acaba tancant. <\/strong>L\u20191 de maig de 2000 s\u2019inaugura RAC1 com una emissora de r\u00e0dio<\/a> en catal\u00e0<\/a> de car\u00e0cter generalista i comercial, essent la primera cadena de r\u00e0dio privada que s\u2019ha situat com l’emissora l\u00edder a Catalunya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les comunicadores en el segle XXI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

J\u00falia Otero, a R\u00e0dio Miramar, 1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En aquests \u00faltims anys en qu\u00e8 els magazines radiof\u00f2nics dediquen una bona part del temps a la informaci\u00f3, les dones periodistes i comunicadores s\u2019han fet seu aquest format i han aconseguit alts \u00edndexs d\u2019audi\u00e8ncia, de credibilitat i d\u2019estima del p\u00fablic. J\u00falia Otero, <\/strong>que els anys 80 condu\u00efa programes amb mirada feminista a R\u00e0dio Miramar, des de Onda Cero convoca l\u2019audi\u00e8ncia a Julia en la onda<\/em>, \u00c0ngels Barcel\u00f3<\/strong>, que despr\u00e9s de Catalunya R\u00e0dio va treballar uns anys a la televisi\u00f3, presenta Hoy por hoy<\/em>, el magaz\u00edn matinal de la Ser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si anem seguint l\u2019estela dels noms punters de la comunicaci\u00f3 radiof\u00f2nica es pot constatar que actualment existeix a Catalunya tot un estol de radiofonistes que lideren espais i formats diferents, de pol\u00edtica, d\u2019esport, d\u2019ecologia, de cultura, musicals, d\u2019opini\u00f3, d\u2019humor, en qualsevol registre hi trobem dones que condueixen programes i espais informatius, al costat de dones que fan producci\u00f3, realitzaci\u00f3, guionitzen, i apliquen el seu talent a construir un panorama radiof\u00f2nic ric i divers, plural i estimulant de la radiodifusi\u00f3 catalana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per Elvira Alt\u00e9s El 14 de novembre de 1924 s\u2019inaugura una emissora de r\u00e0dio que ha rebut l\u2019indicatiu oficial de EAJ1. La r\u00e0dio neix en \u00e8poca de dictadura de Primo de Rivera, per tant amb censura informativa i en castell\u00e0. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":83904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26308,26302],"tags":[51117,51123,51116,25758,48502,51124,51120,50230,51119,51122,51110,51111,51109,51108,51114,51115,48763,47940,49160,48613,51118,50076,51125,51112,51113,51121],"class_list":["post-83813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunicacio-tics-publicitat","category-memoria","tag-adelina-castillejo","tag-angels-barcelo","tag-anna-comas-2","tag-destacada","tag-destacat","tag-dones-radiofonistes","tag-elisenda-roca-2","tag-elvira-altes-3","tag-fina-brunet","tag-julia-otero","tag-ma-angeles-fernandez","tag-maria-carme-nicolau","tag-maria-cinta-balaguer","tag-maria-sabate","tag-maruja-fernandez","tag-mercedes-laspra","tag-monica-terribas-2","tag-montserrat-minobis-2","tag-neus-bonet-2","tag-nuria-ribo-2","tag-pepa-fernandez","tag-radio-3","tag-radiodifusio-catalana","tag-rosa-coto","tag-rosalia-rovira","tag-silvia-coppulo-2"],"yoast_head":"\nDones a les Ones. 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