{"id":82814,"date":"2024-09-19T19:03:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T17:03:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=82814"},"modified":"2024-09-19T19:41:42","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T17:41:42","slug":"carmen-de-burgos-colombine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/carmen-de-burgos-colombine\/","title":{"rendered":"Carmen de Burgos \u201cColombine\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Ja sabeu que m\u2019agrada anar de tant en tant als mercats del llibres de vell, perqu\u00e8 sempre tinc sorpreses. Aquesta vegada vaig trobar una petita pila de llibrets de La Novela semanal una de les publicacions de la Prensa Gr\u00e1fica que va ser una important empresa editorial que va existir el primer ter\u00e7 del segle XX.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta empresa dominava el mercat de les publicacions il\u00b7lustrades com Mundo Gr\u00e1fico, Nuevo Mundo, La Esfera o Elegancia i posteriorment Cr\u00f3nica, de gran \u00e8xit durant la Segona Rep\u00fablica. Tamb\u00e9 va publicar una col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 liter\u00e0ria de car\u00e0cter pol\u00edtic i una s\u00e8rie de novel\u00b7les de butxaca La Novela Semanal, molt popular. L\u2019any 1934 tamb\u00e9 van treure la revista Cinegramas, dedicada al m\u00f3n del cinema. Va estar en actiu fins l\u2019any 1938 i l\u2019any 1939, al final de la guerra tot el patrimoni i cap\u00e7aleres de Prensa Gr\u00e1fica foren incautades per la Falange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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De la pila de novel\u00b7letes en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 vaig triar El extranjero de Carmen de Burgos \u201cColombine\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carmen de Burgos i Segu\u00ed (1867 1932) fou una periodista, escriptora, traductora i activista dels drets de la dona. Se la considera la primera periodista professional a Espanya i en castell\u00e0 per la seva condici\u00f3 de redactora del madrileny Diario Universal el 1906. Va signar amb diversos pseud\u00f2nims com a Gabriel Luna, Perico el de los Palotes, Raquel, Honorine o Marianela, per\u00f2 el m\u00e9s conegut i el que m\u00e9s li esqueia \u00e9s el de Colombine que \u00e9s el personatge femen\u00ed protagonista de la Commedia dell\u2019Arte, que fa de companya, inspiradora, temptadora, confident i aliada de la resta de personatges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La figura de Carmen de Burgos, per sort, ha esta prou estudiada i a la Biblioteca del Centre de Documentaci\u00f3 de Ca la dona comptem amb completes biografies seves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La infantesa la va passar a Almeria on la fam\u00edlia posse\u00efa terres, mines i tamb\u00e9 un cortijo. Als setze anys es va casar amb un periodista m\u00e9s gran que ella que tenia en propietat la tipogr\u00e0fica que imprimia el principal diari de la capital, i aix\u00f2 va permetre Colombine de familiaritzar-se amb el m\u00f3n de la premsa des de jove. El matrimoni va durar poc i quan mor el seu fill decideix comen\u00e7ar una nova vida independent amb la seva filla. L\u2019any 1895 obt\u00e9 la titulaci\u00f3 de mestra d\u2019Ensenyament Elemental Prim\u00e0ria i el 1898 la d\u2019Ensenyament Superior. El 1901 obt\u00e9 pla\u00e7a mitjan\u00e7ant oposici\u00f3 en l\u2019Escola Normal de Mestres de Guadalajara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aleshores ja va poder desenvolupar la seva personalitat com a periodista, corresponsal de guerra, escriptora, assagista i traductora amb una extens\u00edssima producci\u00f3. Va ser parella del tamb\u00e9 escriptor Ram\u00f3n G\u00f3mez de la Serna<\/strong> i es va relacionar amb Gald\u00f3s,<\/strong> Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/strong>, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez<\/strong>, Julio Antonio<\/strong>, Julio Romero de Torres<\/strong>, Sorolla<\/strong> entre altres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgrat sembla que no li agradava el qualificatiu de feminista va ser de les primeres defensores del paper social i cultural de les dones (El divorcio en Espa\u00f1a, 1904; La mujer en Espa\u00f1a, 1906; Misi\u00f3n social de la mujer, 1911.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amb la seva independ\u00e8ncia va donar testimoni de llibertat, d\u2019alegria de viure i de republicanisme a favor d\u2019un altre m\u00f3n possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aprofito una informaci\u00f3 de la Viquip\u00e8dia que serveix per a exemplificar la xarxa entre dones: Carmen de Burgos va tenir una estreta amistat amb l\u2019escriptora portuguesa Ana de Castro Os\u00f3rio<\/strong>. A veure si aquesta relaci\u00f3 ens serveix per a saber alguna cosa m\u00e9s del feminisme portugu\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f3c conscient que no us dic res de la novel\u00b7leta El extranjero, per\u00f2 \u00e9s que ara tindria feina en contextualitzar-la dins la nombrosa obra de Carmen de Burgos<\/strong>. Per\u00f2, en canvi, acabo explicant-vos que el venedor de llibres de vell, veient el meu inter\u00e8s per les novel\u00b7letes en q\u00fcesti\u00f3, me\u2019n va regalar una altra de la pila, La manzana de Vicente D\u00edez de Tejada.<\/strong> Quan vaig arribar a casa vaig consultar qui era aquest autor que va resultar ser molt interessant sobretot per la seva professi\u00f3 de telegrafista. Tenia una gran anomenada entre els seus companys de professi\u00f3 i el p\u00fablic en general. Per exemple se sap que l\u2019any 1929 llegia els seus contes per l\u2019emissora R\u00e0dio Barcelona que estava instal\u00b7lada al Tibidabo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I com que el fil del saber no t\u00e9 costures, seguint la pista dels telegrafistes m\u2019he trobat amb Consuelo \u00c1lvarez Pool<\/strong>, coneguda amb el pseud\u00f2nim de \u201cVioleta\u201d (1867-1959), que va ser una escriptora, periodista, pol\u00edtica, sindicalista, sufragista i feminista espanyola i que va pert\u00e0nyer a la primera promoci\u00f3 de dones telegrafistes d\u2019Espanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Del meu entusiasme per la telegrafia i pels telegrames us en parlar\u00e9 un altre dia perqu\u00e8 heu de saber que formen part de la meva infantesa quan acompanyava la meva mare a la centraleta de Tel\u00e9grafos de la Ronda Universitat a posar telegrames al meu pare que era viatjant de comer\u00e7 per tota la pen\u00ednsula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merc\u00e8 Otero-Vidal
Professora jubilada i activista feminista<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ja sabeu que m\u2019agrada anar de tant en tant als mercats del llibres de vell, perqu\u00e8 sempre tinc sorpreses. 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