{"id":82795,"date":"2024-09-19T19:01:04","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T17:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=82795"},"modified":"2024-09-19T19:45:38","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T17:45:38","slug":"sexe-i-genere-conceptes-separats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/sexe-i-genere-conceptes-separats\/","title":{"rendered":"Sexe i g\u00e8nere: conceptes separats"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Per Mar\u00eda In\u00e9s Alvarado<\/strong>* DDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els conceptes erronis que la setmana passada va exposar el ministre de Just\u00edcia de l’actual govern davant d’una comissi\u00f3 en diputats, demostren no nom\u00e9s el desconeixement de les lleis que donen forma al marc normatiu argent\u00ed sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 la desinformaci\u00f3 que tenen sobre q\u00fcestions d’\u00edndole biol\u00f2gica amb relaci\u00f3 a l’Educaci\u00f3 Sexual Integral (ESI). Per aix\u00f2, a la columna d’avui, crec necessari aclarir alguns conceptes per continuar apostant per una educaci\u00f3 que comporti promoure una informaci\u00f3 precisa, clara i sense prejudicis.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En primer lloc, respondr\u00e9 una s\u00e8rie de preguntes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De qu\u00e8 parla l’educaci\u00f3 sexual integral?<\/strong> De tots els aspectes que travessa la vida de les persones: del plaer, dels afectes, de la comunicaci\u00f3, del cos biol\u00f2gic, de la cultura, de l’\u00e8tica, de la capacitat procreadora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s necess\u00e0ria la seva aplicaci\u00f3 a les escoles?<\/strong> Perqu\u00e8 posa en acci\u00f3 el marc legislatiu internacional i nacional que Argentina posseeix i promoure, aix\u00ed els drets humans, garantits a la Llei Nacional de Protecci\u00f3 Integral dels Drets de Nenes, Nens i Adolescents N\u00b026.061, la Llei de Matrimoni Igualitari N\u00b026.618 , la Llei de Protecci\u00f3 Integral per prevenir, sancionar i eradicar la viol\u00e8ncia contra les dones N\u00b026.485, la Llei d’Identitat de G\u00e8nere N\u00b026.743, la Llei Micaela, de capacitaci\u00f3 obligat\u00f2ria en tem\u00e0tica de g\u00e8nere en la funci\u00f3 p\u00fablica, N\u00b027499 i Llei d’Interrupci\u00f3 Volunt\u00e0ria de l’Embar\u00e0s N\u00b027.610.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e8 implica Educar en sexualitat? <\/strong>Implica aprendre a expressar emocions i sentiments, recon\u00e8ixer i respectar valors com l’amistat, l’amor, la solidaritat, la intimitat pr\u00f2pia i l’aliena; aprendre a cuidar-se i a cuidar els qui ens envolten, i entendre que el terme sexualitat transcendeix \u00e0mpliament l’exercici de la genitalitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quina import\u00e0ncia t\u00e9 la perspectiva de g\u00e8nere?<\/strong> \u00c9s una postura filos\u00f2fica que ajuda a entendre la manera com dones i homes es relacionen entre si des d’una construcci\u00f3 social i cultural que es d\u00f3na a partir de la difer\u00e8ncia sexual, plantejant justament en quins espais de socialitzaci\u00f3 es produeix la discriminaci\u00f3 sexe-gen\u00e8rica que promou la discriminaci\u00f3, les desigualtats i lexclusi\u00f3 cap a dones i diversitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En segon lloc, cal aclarir alguns conceptes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sexe:<\/strong> \u00c9s el conjunt de caracter\u00edstiques f\u00edsiques, biol\u00f2giques, anat\u00f2miques i fisiol\u00f2giques amb qu\u00e8 neix cada persona i que la medicina defineix com a home o dona. El sexe el determina la naturalesa a partir de les hormones sexuals i dels \u00f2rgans sexuals diferenciats que serveixen per donar plaer i per a la reproducci\u00f3. Per segles nom\u00e9s s’acceptaven dos sexes, per\u00f2 des dels estudis de g\u00e8nere, el reconeixement de la intersexualitat va posar en perill aquesta dualitat i avui sabem que podem trobar variants a all\u00f2 biol\u00f2gicament concedit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00e8nere:<\/strong> \u00c9s el conjunt de caracter\u00edstiques socials, culturals, pol\u00edtiques, psicol\u00f2giques, jur\u00eddiques i econ\u00f2miques que les diferents societats assignen de forma diferenciada com a pr\u00f2pies d’homes o de dones i s’atribueix a all\u00f2 que es considera mascul\u00ed o femen\u00ed. Aquesta atribuci\u00f3 es concreta a trav\u00e9s de l’educaci\u00f3, l’\u00fas del llenguatge, l’ideal de la fam\u00edlia heterosexual, les institucions i la religi\u00f3. D’aquesta manera, al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria de la humanitat, es va ensenyar als homes a ser forts, inquiets i independents i sense sensibilitat per plorar i les dones femenines, dolces, dependents i maternals, amb capacitat per tenir cura d’altres persones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistema sexe-g\u00e8nere:<\/strong> \u00c9s la relaci\u00f3 que s’estableix entre ambd\u00f3s conceptes anteriors i s’usa per explicar que les persones que neixen dones han de comportar-se de forma femenina i els homes de forma masculina, sense importar l’\u00e8tnia o el lloc on visquin, ni com s’asseuen dins de la categoria sexual assignada en n\u00e9ixer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Identitat:<\/strong> proc\u00e9s intersubjectiu que cada individu construeix i confirma a partir de diferenciar-se de les altres persones. Des d’abans de n\u00e9ixer se’ls encasella com a nen o nena i organitzen la seva experi\u00e8ncia vital amb aquest g\u00e8nere assignat a partir d’actituds, comportaments i jocs, per\u00f2 a mesura que va desenvolupant adopta l’expressi\u00f3 de g\u00e8nere amb qu\u00e8 s’identifica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diversitat sexual:<\/strong> Terme que fa refer\u00e8ncia a totes les possibilitats que tenen les persones d’assumir, expressar i viure la sexualitat, aix\u00ed com d’assumir expressions, prefer\u00e8ncies o orientacions, identitats sexuals i de g\u00e8nere diferents en cada cultura i persona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sexualitat: <\/strong>\u00c9s un aspecte central de l\u00e9sser hum\u00e0; abasta el sexe, les identitats i els rols de g\u00e8nere, l’orientaci\u00f3 sexual, l’erotisme, el plaer, la intimitat i la reproducci\u00f3. S’experimenta i expressa en pensaments, fantasies, desitjos, creences, actituds, valors, conductes, pr\u00e0ctiques, rols i relacions. Si b\u00e9 la sexualitat pot incloure totes aquestes dimensions, no totes s\u00f3n sempre experimentades o expressades. La sexualitat est\u00e0 influ\u00efda per la interacci\u00f3 de factors biol\u00f2gics, psicol\u00f2gics, socials, econ\u00f2mics, pol\u00edtics, culturals, \u00e8tics, legals, hist\u00f2rics, religiosos i espirituals. L’orientaci\u00f3 sexual que cada persona expressa, es relaciona amb la manera com vol viure la seva sexualitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Finalment, i perqu\u00e8 no quedin dubtes, ning\u00fa no pot jutjar ning\u00fa per la manera com se sent i percep la seva manera de viure la sexualitat. No es poden rebutjar les diversitats ni les identitats sexuals, \u201cque no s’alineen amb la biologia\u201d perqu\u00e8 cap d’aquests termes no s\u00f3n sin\u00f2nims. Com explica tan clarament la periodista Lenny C\u00e1ceres<\/strong>, editora d’aquest diari \u201cLa manca d’educaci\u00f3 sobre q\u00fcestions de g\u00e8nere i de sexualitat contribueix a la perpetuaci\u00f3 de mites i malentesos. La ignor\u00e0ncia pot portar a la manca de respecte i empatia cap a les persones LGBTIQ+. La manca de representaci\u00f3 positiva de persones LGBTIQ+ a l’educaci\u00f3, els mitjans i altres \u00e0mbits socials pot fomentar la desinformaci\u00f3 i la discriminaci\u00f3. Arran del patriarcat que encara persisteix a la nostra societat, les persones LGBTIQ+ poden ser vistes com una amena\u00e7a a aquestes estructures de poder tradicionals, cosa que provoca reaccions hostils\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*<\/strong>) Docent, comunicadora. Codirectora de L’ESI en joc.
Columnista de Diari Digital Femen\u00ed \u2013 D’ESI S\u00ed Es Parla<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Els conceptes erronis que la setmana passada va exposar el ministre de Just\u00edcia de l’actual govern davant d’una comissi\u00f3 en Diputats, demostren no nom\u00e9s el desconeixement de les lleis que donen forma al marc normatiu argent\u00ed sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 la desinformaci\u00f3 que tenen sobre q\u00fcestions d’\u00edndole biol\u00f2gica en relaci\u00f3 a l’Educaci\u00f3 Sexual Integral (ESI). Per aix\u00f2, a la columna d’avui, crec necessari aclarir alguns conceptes per continuar apostant per una educaci\u00f3 que comporti promoure una informaci\u00f3 precisa, clara i sense prejudicis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":82796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26446,26294],"tags":[47595,50817,48838,49297,50885,48938,50816],"class_list":["post-82795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educacio","category-identitats-de-genere","tag-argentina-2","tag-diversitat-sexual-2","tag-educacio-sexual-integral","tag-lenny-caceres-3","tag-lgbtiq-3","tag-maria-ines-alvarado-3","tag-sistema-sexe-genere"],"yoast_head":"\nSexe i g\u00e8nere: conceptes separats | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els conceptes erronis que la setmana passada va exposar el ministre de Just\u00edcia de l'actual govern davant d'una comissi\u00f3 en Diputats, demostren no nom\u00e9s el desconeixement de les lleis que donen forma al marc normatiu argent\u00ed sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 la desinformaci\u00f3 que tenen sobre q\u00fcestions d'\u00edndole biol\u00f2gica en relaci\u00f3 a l'Educaci\u00f3 Sexual Integral (ESI). 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