{"id":82776,"date":"2024-09-19T18:56:14","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T16:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=82776"},"modified":"2024-09-19T19:59:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T17:59:30","slug":"el-dret-al-vot-per-a-les-dones-a-colombia-un-regal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/el-dret-al-vot-per-a-les-dones-a-colombia-un-regal\/","title":{"rendered":"El dret al vot per a les dones a Col\u00f2mbia, un regal?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per <strong>Fabiola Calvo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acalorats debats al Congr\u00e9s de Col\u00f2mbia i molt lobby de la Uni\u00f3 Pol\u00edtica femenina que neix el 1944 i despr\u00e9s l&#8217;Alian\u00e7a Femenina, fets acompanyats de cont\u00ednues accions i \u00e8xits del moviment sufragista a Europa i a Am\u00e8rica Llatina.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Va ser llavors el 25 d&#8217;agost de 1954 que es va aprovar el dret al vot de les dones a Col\u00f2mbia i que van poder exercir al plebiscit el 1957 per aprovar l&#8217;Acord del Front Nacional, i per a contradiccions hist\u00f2riques, aquest va ser el gran pacte de l&#8217;exclusi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Governava el dictador <strong>Gustavo Rojas Pinilla<\/strong> qui va pujar amb el suport de l&#8217;oligarquia liberal i conservadora. Escoltem dir gr\u00e0cies a ell, les dones vam obtenir el dret de vot. Disculpin? Ah! Un regal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest comprom\u00eds, segons va afirmar el conservador <strong>Mariano Ospina P\u00e9rez,<\/strong> \u201cl&#8217;establiment del vot femen\u00ed correspon a un comprom\u00eds internacional del pa\u00eds i \u00e9s un deure de just\u00edcia\u2026\u201d. Citat per <strong>Lisa G\u00f3mez<\/strong> a la seva tesi doctoral presentada a la Universitat Externat de Col\u00f2mbia \u201cConstrucci\u00f3 de la ciutadania de les dones a Col\u00f2mbia, quatre esdeveniments hist\u00f2rics\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incomptables els passos de les dones des de la participaci\u00f3 en la presa de la Bastilla i a la Revoluci\u00f3 Francesa perqu\u00e8 finalment\u2026 Finalment, els homes aprovessin els Drets de l&#8217;Home i el Ciutad\u00e0. <strong>Olympe De Gouges<\/strong> va expressar desacord amb la seva publicaci\u00f3 sobre els Drets de la Dona i la Ciutadana que proposa la igualtat jur\u00eddica. Va ser portada a la guillotina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tot i aix\u00ed, Fran\u00e7a va continuar publicitant l&#8217;ess\u00e8ncia de la revoluci\u00f3: Libert\u00e9, \u00c9galit\u00e9 i Fraternit\u00e9. Al Pante\u00f3: \u201cAls grans homes, la p\u00e0tria agra\u00efda\u201d. Per ells el reconeixement mentre que a elles els van ser prohibides les reunions amb m\u00e9s de cinc dones i moltes van ser empresonades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despr\u00e9s, una altra dona que va participar en la Revoluci\u00f3 Francesa, <strong>Mary Wollstonecraft<\/strong>, va escriure \u201cVindicaci\u00f3 dels drets de la dona\u201d, i contundentment diu que les desigualtats entre homes i dones t\u00e9 un origen cultural, ra\u00f3 per la qual proposa una educaci\u00f3 igualit\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La hist\u00f2ria va continuar el seu curs amb el Codi napole\u00f2nic que exigia obedi\u00e8ncia als seus marits. Almenys les reclamacions van quedar enunciades amb tal convicci\u00f3 i raonament (il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 i ra\u00f3) que en els solcs, les llavors van arrelar de la m\u00e0 de les conven\u00e7udes que van seguir la ruta tra\u00e7ada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les dones al m\u00f3n abans de l&#8217;anomenada &#8216;primera onada&#8217;, s&#8217;enfrontaven en solitari a la desigualtat i potser sense ser conscients sumaven als vents de llibertat que despr\u00e9s van comen\u00e7ar a adonar centenars i milers de dones que van comen\u00e7ar a exigir drets, despr\u00e9s a la segona onada, la Sufragista, van buscar la seva participaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica, l&#8217;espai p\u00fablic on es prenen les grans decisions, on havien decidit per nosaltres. Objectiu: el dret al vot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Als Estats Units, les dones van lluitar per la independ\u00e8ncia i per l&#8217;abolici\u00f3 de l&#8217;esclavitud, motivades per aquesta \u00faltima van viatjar a Londres al Congr\u00e9s antiesclavista, per\u00f2 no les van deixar participar i s\u00ed escoltar darrere d&#8217;una cortina. En tornar <strong>Lucretia Mott <\/strong>i <strong>Cady Stanton <\/strong>amb un alt grau d&#8217;indignaci\u00f3 inicien la seva lluita pels drets de les dones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tant als Estats Units com a Anglaterra el gran moviment va portar impl\u00edcit mobilitzacions, vagues de gana, incendis, sabotatges\u2026 I per fi Per fi!, el 1918 a Anglaterra van aconseguir el dret per a les majors de 30 anys i als Estats Units el 1920 per a dones blanques. Va succeir despr\u00e9s de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Un regal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Espanya va obtenir aquest triomf el 1931 durant la Segona Rep\u00fablica i Fran\u00e7a el 1947, mentre que l&#8217;Uruguai va ser el primer pa\u00eds a Am\u00e8rica Llatina a conquerir el 1927 el vot femen\u00ed al qual van seguir Equador, Brasil i M\u00e8xic. Col\u00f2mbia el 1954.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els compromisos continuaven perqu\u00e8 el treball internacional de les feministes va permetre que despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una batalla fallida al parlament angl\u00e8s, la paraula persona, una cosa que avui sembla simple i senzilla, fos clau a la Declaraci\u00f3 Universal dels Drets Humans el 1948, signada per Col\u00f2mbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simult\u00e0niament, a Col\u00f2mbia dones de l&#8217;elit pol\u00edtica i intel\u00b7lectual es van organitzar, van fer lobby al Congr\u00e9s i van donar la batalla: <strong>Bertha Hern\u00e1ndez d&#8217;Ospina<\/strong>, <strong>Ofelia Uribe d&#8217;Acosta<\/strong>, <strong>Esmeralda Arboleda<\/strong>, <strong>Josefina Val\u00e8ncia<\/strong> i d&#8217;altres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En aquest trasbals trobem el cam\u00ed per tot el territori nacional de <strong>Mar\u00eda Cano<\/strong> fent activitat pol\u00edtica a la d\u00e8cada dels 20 i part dels 30, la vaga dirigida per <strong>Betsab\u00e9 Espinal <\/strong>i les bel\u00b7ligerants dones escollidores de caf\u00e8. Dones submises? Un regal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Faig al\u00b7lusi\u00f3 a aquests fets perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s la suma de lluites les que van encaixant el trencaclosques de la for\u00e7a de les unes i les altres per reivindicar i aconseguir els seus drets. \u00c9s aquesta lluita col\u00b7lectiva i no pas en solitari una caracter\u00edstica del moviment feminista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cap dret de les dones no ha estat un regal. Hem tingut el suport d&#8217;homes conscients dels drets universals, dels drets de les dones, la no-discriminaci\u00f3. Guanya la humanitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Queda molt per debatre i molt per fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Font: El Expectador<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acalorats debats al Congr\u00e9s de Col\u00f2mbia i molt lobby de la Uni\u00f3 Pol\u00edtica femenina que neix el 1944 i despr\u00e9s l&#8217;Alian\u00e7a Femenina, fets acompanyats de cont\u00ednues accions i \u00e8xits del moviment sufragista a Europa ia Am\u00e8rica Llatina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":82777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26283],"tags":[50896,50899,47842,50893,28447,50897,50898,50894],"class_list":["post-82776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lideratge","tag-bertha-hernandez-dospina","tag-betsabe-espinal","tag-colombia","tag-dret-al-vot-de-les-dones","tag-fabiola-calvo","tag-josefina-valencia","tag-maria-cano","tag-ofelia-uribe-dacosta"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>El dret al vot per a les dones a Col\u00f2mbia, un regal? | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Acalorats debats al Congr\u00e9s de Col\u00f2mbia i molt lobby de la Uni\u00f3 Pol\u00edtica femenina que neix el 1944 i despr\u00e9s 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