{"id":81849,"date":"2024-05-23T22:04:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T20:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=81849"},"modified":"2024-05-23T22:10:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T20:10:16","slug":"ciencia-i-deu-no-poden-coexistir-entrevista-a-carmen-estrada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/ciencia-i-deu-no-poden-coexistir-entrevista-a-carmen-estrada\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cCi\u00e8ncia i D\u00e9u no poden coexistir\u201d. Entrevista a Carmen Estrada"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Entrevista realitzada p\u00e8r Nu\u00f1o Dom\u00ednguez<\/strong>. Sin Permiso<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durant la major part de la seva carrera, la fisi\u00f2loga Carmen Estrada (Sevilla, 74 anys) es va dedicar a la investigaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica, especialitzada en el reg sanguini del cervell i la seva capacitat per formar neurones noves durant tota la vida.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCom m\u00e9s exercitem una funci\u00f3, m\u00e9s neurones es recluten, aix\u00ed que podem modelar el nostre cervell\u201d, assegura. Despr\u00e9s de jubilar-se va fer un bon gir de gui\u00f3 a la seva vida: va estudiar i es va llicenciar en filologia grega. Despr\u00e9s de publicar un primer llibre sobre les perip\u00e8cies del seu pare, Jos\u00e9 Estrada<\/strong> \u2014jove socialista que era tinent d’alcalde de Sevilla quan va esclatar la Guerra Civil, que va fugir dels revoltats amb l’ajuda d’un amic falangista i donava a la r\u00e0dio les r\u00e8pliques al feixista Queipo de Llano<\/strong>\u2014; i Odiseicas, sobre el paper de la dona a l’obra d’Homer<\/strong>, acaba de publicar La Herencia de Eva (Taurus), un llibre on recorre la hist\u00f2ria de la ci\u00e8ncia, la seva influ\u00e8ncia en la cultura i el seu paper actual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Molta gent arriba a les humanitats fugint de les ci\u00e8ncies, per\u00f2 gaireb\u00e9 ning\u00fa arriba a les ci\u00e8ncies fugint de les humanitats, per qu\u00e8?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per una idea incorrecta del que \u00e9s la ci\u00e8ncia. Jo intento transmetre una visi\u00f3 m\u00e9s oberta, que no se centra nom\u00e9s en matem\u00e0tiques i f\u00edsica, per a les quals, jo crec, cal tenir una ment especial. La ci\u00e8ncia t\u00e9 un \u00e0mbit molt m\u00e9s ampli. \u00c9s observar el m\u00f3n i intentar explicar-ho per causes naturals. Aix\u00f2 es pot fer en moltes mat\u00e8ries. Tot i aix\u00f2, quan els xavals en batxillerat han de triar entre ci\u00e8ncies i lletres no se’ls ofereix aquesta altra cara de la ci\u00e8ncia. Si la majoria de la gent vei\u00e9s aquest ventall de possibilitats, potser tindria una actitud m\u00e9s cient\u00edfica i es deixaria embaucar menys per la pseudoci\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Som m\u00e9s o menys cr\u00e8duls que en temps passats?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La credulitat humana es mant\u00e9 igual. El que passa \u00e9s que ara tenim un bombardeig a mida a trav\u00e9s del m\u00f2bil. La informaci\u00f3 que estem donant \u00e9s utilitzada pels algorismes, que t’enviaran els continguts als quals creuen que ets m\u00e9s vulnerable per conv\u00e8ncer-te que consumeixis, que en definitiva \u00e9s l’objectiu final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi ha un costat bo de la tecnologia que compensa aquest problema?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Internet \u00e9s meravell\u00f3s. No podria haver escrit aquest llibre sense ell. Per\u00f2, qu\u00e8 estem donant a canvi? Caldria tenir un control \u00e8tic de la tecnologia. Per\u00f2 com que el dominant no \u00e9s l’\u00e8tica, sin\u00f3 el negoci, estem perduts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vost\u00e8 alerta contra la fe a la ci\u00e8ncia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9s una contradicci\u00f3. Ci\u00e8ncia i fe s\u00f3n antag\u00f2niques. Per\u00f2 hi ha gent, sobretot en el m\u00f3n empresarial i tecnol\u00f2gic, que hi creu cegament, com la soluci\u00f3 a tots els nostres problemes, mentre la gent segueixi consumint. I despr\u00e9s hi ha l’altre extrem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quin?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El que sostenen alguns ecologistes. El missatge \u00e9s: si t’expliquen que ho diu la ci\u00e8ncia, desconfia. Hi ha llibres que arriben a dir que Descartes<\/strong> t\u00e9 la culpa de l’escalfament global. Perqu\u00e8 va ser al segle XVII quan neix el pensament que la ci\u00e8ncia ha d’estar al servei dels humans, que som els amos del planeta. I a partir d’aqu\u00ed ja estem perduts. Aleshores cauen ells mateixos en la pseudoci\u00e8ncia. No et compris els f\u00e0rmacs, diguem-ne ortodoxos, perqu\u00e8 les companyies farmac\u00e8utiques el que volen \u00e9s fer negoci, cosa que \u00e9s veritat. Per\u00f2 compra’t, en canvi, aquest altre que m’ha dit la meva cosina i que el ven un herbolari. Desconfiar de la ci\u00e8ncia en general o pensar que aquesta resoldr\u00e0 per si sola el problema del planeta s\u00f3n dues postures igualment cegues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot i aix\u00ed, al seu llibre mant\u00e9 que la ci\u00e8ncia \u00e9s l’\u00fanica que ens pot treure de l’atzucac.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ci\u00e8ncia ha de servir la comunitat humana. Per\u00f2, qui la representa? Els interessos econ\u00f2mics estan al comandament, caigui qui caigui, la desigualtat \u00e9s cada vegada m\u00e9s gran. S\u00f3n unes contradiccions tan b\u00e0siques que exigiria parar-nos a pensar, per\u00f2 aquest exercici no est\u00e0 gaire valorat a la nostra societat. Tot va molt r\u00e0pid i cal dir una cosa enginyosa i posar-la al m\u00f2bil. La joventut ja est\u00e0 creixent en aix\u00f2 i no t\u00e9 cap altre punt de refer\u00e8ncia. Em genera molta inquietud. Jo veig el meu n\u00e9t molt desarmat davant del m\u00f3n d’avui, tot i tenir una fam\u00edlia que s’esfor\u00e7a a donar-li eines, per\u00f2 la influ\u00e8ncia exterior \u00e9s m\u00e9s forta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No creu que tot es corregir\u00e0, que la seg\u00fcent generaci\u00f3 \u00e9s sempre la m\u00e9s ben preparada?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No. La generaci\u00f3 actual de joves s\u00ed que estar\u00e0 molt preparada, per\u00f2 estan desmotivats, desesperats, frustrats. \u00c9s una mala \u00e8poca per ser jove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quina \u00e9s l’her\u00e8ncia d’Eva que defensa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si llegiu el mite d’Eva lliurement, he utilitzat una traducci\u00f3 de la B\u00edblia directa de l’hebreu que no est\u00e0 tan contaminada per l’Esgl\u00e9sia, el que diu \u00e9s que, guiada pel seu instint de curiositat, que \u00e9s l’instint que inicia la ci\u00e8ncia, Eva menja la fruita del coneixement i despr\u00e9s ho transmet a altres perqu\u00e8 el continu\u00efn. La ci\u00e8ncia \u00e9s una tasca col\u00b7laborativa i col\u00b7lectiva. Aleshores Eva representa la ci\u00e8ncia, l’instint de curiositat, l’adquisici\u00f3 i la transmissi\u00f3 del coneixement. La interpretaci\u00f3 mis\u00f2gina que ha dominat fins ara mant\u00e9 que la fruita estava prohibida, de manera que la curiositat nom\u00e9s porta a la transgressi\u00f3. I per aix\u00f2 tota aquesta idea de la culpa de la tradici\u00f3 judeocristiana, que ha fet molt de mal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ci\u00e8ncia i Deu s\u00f3n incompatibles?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00ed, no poden coexistir. Hi ha cient\u00edfics que diuen que s\u00f3n creients, per\u00f2 no s\u00f3n creients o no s\u00f3n cient\u00edfics. Una veritat que no estigui demostrada no \u00e9s una veritat cient\u00edfica. D\u00e9u pot existir com a hip\u00f2tesi, per\u00f2 no s’ha fet ni es podr\u00e0 fer mai una demostraci\u00f3 de la seva exist\u00e8ncia. Per aix\u00f2 s\u00f3n incompatibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Carmen Estrada<\/strong> \u00e9s cient\u00edfica y fisi\u00f3loga<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Font<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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