{"id":79044,"date":"2024-01-11T18:25:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T17:25:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=79044"},"modified":"2024-01-11T22:55:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-11T21:55:52","slug":"dona-doneta-donassa-i-un-tip-de-riure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/dona-doneta-donassa-i-un-tip-de-riure\/","title":{"rendered":"Dona, doneta, donassa i un tip de riure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Quan la Secci\u00f3 Filol\u00f2gica de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Estudis Catalans, com cada any, dona a con\u00e8ixer les paraules acceptades en el DIEC, diccionari usual de la llengua, sempre hi ha pol\u00e8miques: unes per q\u00fcestions en podr\u00edem dir m\u00e9s ling\u00fc\u00edstiques i altres per q\u00fcestions socials. El problema no \u00e9s tant que una paraula es consideri que forma part del l\u00e8xic d\u2019una llengua, en aquest cas de la catalana, sin\u00f3 la definici\u00f3, el significat amb el qual aquesta paraula entra en el diccionari.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta vegada la paraula que ha causat un malestar evident \u00e9s \u201ctarat, -da\u201d amb la definici\u00f3 \u201cdit d\u2019una cosa afectada per una tara o d\u2019alg\u00fa que pateix algun trastorn mental\u201d. Est\u00e0 clar que el moviment d\u2019entitats Salut Mental de Catalunya s\u2019ha queixat amb tota la ra\u00f3, perqu\u00e8 una cosa \u00e9s que la paraula es faci servir de mala manera i com a insult i una altra \u00e9s que s\u2019accepti amb aquest significat encara que sigui de manera figurada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per\u00f2 no era aquesta la paraula que m\u2019ha portat a escriure aquest blog , sin\u00f3 \u201cdonassa\u201d que s\u2019ha incorporat perqu\u00e8 encara no hi era amb dos significats: el literal, \u201cdona corpulenta, exuberant\u201d i el figurat, \u201cdona, sobretot de l\u2019\u00e8poca contempor\u00e0nia, significada per la seva aportaci\u00f3 intel\u00b7lectual, art\u00edstica o c\u00edvica\u201d. \u00c9s l\u2019equivalent en femen\u00ed d\u2019 \u201chomenot\u201d. L\u2019exemple de donassa que apareix al diccionari \u00e9s Aina Moll<\/strong> i efectivament \u00e9s un bon model, per\u00f2 a mi la donassa que em ve immediatament al cap \u00e9s Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany<\/strong> i us explico per qu\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Una mala passada de la mem\u00f2ria em va portar a buscar un llibre de la Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany que recordava que es deia, Dona, doneta, donassa, quan en realitat es diu Dona, doneta, donota. I a m\u00e9s resulta que hi ha dos llibres amb aquest mateix t\u00edtol: un de l\u2019editorial Dopesa <\/em>de l\u2019any, 1976 i l\u2019altre del 1979 de l\u2019editorial Edhasa<\/em> fet conjuntament amb Avel\u00b7l\u00ed Art\u00eds Gener<\/strong> que aporta els seus dibuixos. El primer \u00e9s una selecci\u00f3 de textos feministes de la Capmany sobre la hist\u00f2ria, l\u2019amor, la llei, la feina i el treball, el plet de la petita burgesia, q\u00fcestions amoroses i cartes impertinents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El segon llibre amb el mateix t\u00edtol, fet amb col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb en T\u00edsner<\/strong>, \u00e9s molt diferent perqu\u00e8 el protagonisme \u00e9s del dibuix i la Capmany \u00e9s la guionista i \u00e9s una altra forma de mostrar les discriminacions de les dones i les seves reivindicacions de manera incisiva i ir\u00f2nica. En aquest context s\u2019imposa fer un reconeixement al mestratge de N\u00faria Pompeia<\/strong> com la gran ninotaire feminista, que va excel\u00b7lir en aquest g\u00e8nere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La confusi\u00f3 de \u201cdonota\u201d per \u201cdonassa\u201d\u201d \u00e9s ben significativa tenint en compte que, en el cas de dona el sufix \u2013ot , -ota \u00e9s clarament despectiu i no t\u00e9 entrada pr\u00f2pia, malgrat que sempre es fa servir pensant en una dona de mala vida . En canvi el mateix sufix, aplicat a home, \u201chomenot\u201d, no \u00e9s despectiu, ans al contrari i t\u00e9 entrada com a tal al diccionari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A banda d\u2019aquestes consideracions l\u00e8xiques i sem\u00e0ntiques que s\u00f3n prou importants, m\u2019ha semblat molt interessant el que diu Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany a prop\u00f2sit del llibre\/c\u00f2mic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una de les m\u00e9s grans conquestes de la Humanitat, aix\u00ed amb maj\u00fascula, \u00e9s la rialla. La rialla ens allibera de la por, del domini del fort, del dolor de la injust\u00edcia. Per aix\u00f2 la com\u00e8dia, la burla, la par\u00f2dia neix en els camps conreats i suats pel poble. \u00c9s sabut que els pobles oprimits, les classes oprimides, tot aquell que ha sentit el cop de tralla del poder\u00f3s s\u2019ha defensat amb la rialla. Les dones hem intervingut sovint en aquesta rialla que esberla les parets de l\u2019opressi\u00f3. Hem sabut riure del posat solemnial dels mascles investits amb la faramalla del poder i hem sabut riure de les actituds gemegaires del nostre propi sexe. Qui ens podria privar de la rialla? Riem doncs, que la hist\u00f2ria de la Humanitat \u00e9s tan sorprenent, \u00e9s tan injusta que ens d\u00f3na material abundant per a la burla i fins i tot la gresca m\u00e9s estripada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El riure de les dones \u00e9s important i revolucionari i recordo la for\u00e7a i les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies que t\u00e9 en la hist\u00f2ria de la filosofia el riure de la noia tr\u00e0cia segons l\u2019an\u00e8cdota que explica Plat\u00f3<\/strong> al seu di\u00e0leg Teetet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aqu\u00ed tens, Teodor<\/strong>, l\u2019exemple de Tales, que tamb\u00e9 observava els astres i, en mirar el cel, va caure en un pou. I es diu que una jove tr\u00e0cia, amb ironia, es burlava de la seva preocupaci\u00f3 per con\u00e8ixer les coses del cel, quan ni tan sols s\u2019adonava del que tenia davant dels peus. Aquesta burla va molt b\u00e9 a tots aquells que dediquen la vida a la filosofia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta cita ha estat molt productiva per tal d\u2019explicar cr\u00edticament des dels feminismes la hist\u00f2ria de la filosofia occidental en qu\u00e8 es posa en evid\u00e8ncia la generalitzada distracci\u00f3 dels fil\u00f2sofs de la realitat i l\u2019experi\u00e8ncia com\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I parlant de la teoria que ha generat el riure de les dones tamb\u00e9 cal recordar el llibre d\u2019 H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous,<\/strong> Le rire de la M\u00e9duse , tradu\u00eft com La risa de la medusa per Ana M. Moix<\/strong> amb revisi\u00f3 de Myriam D\u00edaz-Diocaretz<\/strong>, publicat per Anthropos Editorial, <\/em>el 2001, per\u00f2, de fet, el llibre original \u00e9s de l\u2019any 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous<\/strong> (1937) \u00e9s una important i influent pensadora francesa en l\u2019\u00e0mbit del postmodernisme i del feminisme. T\u00e9 una extensa obra d\u2019assaig, ficci\u00f3 i teatre i el llibre Le rire de la M\u00e9duse recull assajos sobre l\u2019escriptura, concretament l\u2019escriptura femenina que busca sortir de les regles convencionals dels sistemes patriarcals a la recerca de l\u2019autoritat que permeti assolir la llibertat. Est\u00e0 considerat un llibre de refer\u00e8ncia del que es podria anomenar la segona onada del feminisme franc\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u2019ent\u00e9n que parlo del llibre en aquest cas per a fixar-nos en el t\u00edtol on apareix el riure d\u2019un personatge mitol\u00f2gic molt curi\u00f3s i interessant que \u00e9s Medusa, una de les Gorgones que genera moltes interpretacions. No cal dir que la mitologia cl\u00e0ssica est\u00e0 en el rerefons de la nostra cultura, perviu i resisteix el pas del temps i ens forneix d\u2019elements que ens permeten explicar realitats diverses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medusa era molt guapa i la deessa Atenea per gelosia va convertir els seus bonics cabells en serps i va esdevenir un monstre amb uns ulls que petrificaven els mortals que la miraven. La mitologia continua explicant i la psicoan\u00e0lisi, com fa amb nombrosos personatges mitol\u00f2gics, continua interpretant. Per\u00f2 el que ens interessa a nosaltres, les feministes, \u00e9s \u201cqui riur\u00e0 l\u2019\u00faltima\u201d. En els textos de Cixous <\/strong>, la Medusa no se\u2019n riu de ning\u00fa, riu senzillament pel plaer d\u2019existir, de poder crear, de poder ser intel\u00b7lectual i autora i aix\u00f2 \u00e9s el que sempre ha fet por als homes i els deixa petrificats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com sempre hem anat lligant un fet d\u2019actualitat amb llibres escrits per dones i, en aquest cas, amb un somriure reivindicatiu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quan la Secci\u00f3 Filol\u00f2gica de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Estudis Catalans, com cada any, dona a con\u00e8ixer les paraules acceptades en el DIEC, diccionari usual de la llengua, sempre hi ha pol\u00e8miques: unes per q\u00fcestions en podr\u00edem dir m\u00e9s ling\u00fc\u00edstiques i altres per q\u00fcestions socials. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":79133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26283,26299,26577],"tags":[49361,49372,49371,49360,49369,49358,49432,49362,47287,49370,49355],"class_list":["post-79044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lideratge","category-cultura","category-llibres","tag-aina-moll","tag-atenea","tag-cixous","tag-donassa","tag-helene-cixous-2","tag-homenot","tag-lexic-2","tag-maria-aurelia-campmany-2","tag-mitologia-2","tag-myriam-diaz-diocaretz","tag-seccio-filologica-de-linstitut-destudis-catalans"],"yoast_head":"\nDona, doneta, donassa i un tip de riure | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quan la Secci\u00f3 Filol\u00f2gica de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Estudis Catalans, com cada any, dona a con\u00e8ixer les paraules acceptades en el DIEC, diccionari usual de la 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