{"id":77425,"date":"2023-11-09T22:00:24","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T21:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=77425"},"modified":"2023-11-10T13:34:16","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T12:34:16","slug":"la-violencia-de-genere-educar-amb-valors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/la-violencia-de-genere-educar-amb-valors\/","title":{"rendered":"La viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere. Educar\u00a0amb\u00a0valors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-id=\"77426\" src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-1000x750.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-1000x750.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/contes-intress-scaled.jpg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La literatura infantil i juvenil&nbsp;t\u00e9 una gran influ\u00e8ncia&nbsp;en&nbsp;l\u2019educaci\u00f3 emocional&nbsp;dels infants&nbsp;i en el desenvolupament de valors&nbsp;humans,&nbsp;de&nbsp;respecte&nbsp;i&nbsp;igualtat.&nbsp;No sempre ha estat aix\u00ed, val a dir-<br>ho; fet i acabat, els contes&nbsp;tradicionals, transmesos en forma oral&nbsp;o escrita, sovint tenien una funci\u00f3 exemplificadora,&nbsp;emmarcada&nbsp;en&nbsp;l\u2019acceptaci\u00f3 del&nbsp;status quo&nbsp;vigent,&nbsp;per m\u00e9s que tamb\u00e9&nbsp; promocionessin&nbsp;valors positius com la valentia o la generositat. Per\u00f2 ara, ja fa anys&nbsp;que els estudiosos en&nbsp;psicologia social&nbsp;conceben la narraci\u00f3 fict\u00edcia com una eina&nbsp;contundent per desenvolupar valors d&#8217;empatia i efectes relacionats amb&nbsp;una&nbsp;comunicaci\u00f3 emocional competent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200bEn aquest context, vull parlar&nbsp;en&nbsp;concret&nbsp;d\u2019una de&nbsp;les situacions relacionals&nbsp;entre els g\u00e8nere m\u00e9s seculars i nefastes: la viol\u00e8ncia que es perpetra contra les dones &nbsp;(l\u2019assetjament, el maltractament f\u00edsic i psicol\u00f2gic, els atacs sexuals, &nbsp;les &nbsp;violacions en manada).&nbsp;Qu\u00e8 pot aportar la narrativa&nbsp;en format de conte infantil al combat&nbsp;contra aquesta lacra, contra aquest genocidi &nbsp;esgarrifosament ext\u00e9s?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El\u00a0detonant impulsor\u00a0en l\u2019abordatge d\u2019aquest tema\u00a0ha estat doble:\u00a0D\u2019una banda,\u00a0la descoberta d\u2019una col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de contes\u00a0d\u2019Intress,\u00a0dirigits a educar amb valors.\u00a0(INTRESS\u00a0\u00e9s\u00a0una entitat sense \u00e0nim de lucre,\u00a0amb la qual vaig col\u00b7laborar\u00a0ja fa uns anys\u00a0realitzant amb <strong>Amparo Porcel <\/strong>(aleshores n\u2019era la presidenta) un treball d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 sobre processos\u00a0de resili\u00e8ncia\u00a0en dones maltractades.\u00a0L\u2019entitat treballa principalment en l\u2019\u00e0mbit de la inf\u00e0ncia i la fam\u00edlia,\u00a0t\u00e9 cura de persones grans,\u00a0tamb\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0persones amb malalties mentals,\u00a0i\u00a0actua\u00a0en\u00a0el camp\u00a0de la just\u00edcia comunit\u00e0ria. Val a dir que amb m\u00e9s de 30 anys d\u2019experi\u00e8ncia,\u00a0m\u00e9s de 1.000 professionals atenen a m\u00e9s de 30.000 persones anualment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019altra banda,&nbsp;el fet que&nbsp;l\u2019any 2009&nbsp;vaig&nbsp;escriure&nbsp;&nbsp;l\u2019assaig&nbsp;Educar&nbsp;les emocions&nbsp;(Editorial UOC),&nbsp;on &nbsp; incideixo en la import\u00e0ncia que t\u00e9 per a l\u2019educaci\u00f3&nbsp;l\u2019alfabetitzaci\u00f3&nbsp;cognitiva i emocional. Proposo la&nbsp;narrativa&nbsp;com una eina que&nbsp;tamb\u00e9 pot educar&nbsp;les habilitats socials, l\u2019autoestima, l\u2019empatia en la prevenci\u00f3 d\u2019actituds intolerants, en&nbsp;l\u2019erradicaci\u00f3&nbsp;de l\u2019assetjament, la viol\u00e8ncia, el consum de&nbsp;drogues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La literatura no es queda al marge de la recerca de la perfecci\u00f3 i la bellesa, com tampoc dels valors humans, ni de la seva transmissi\u00f3, i aix\u00f2 \u00e9s consubstancial amb l\u2019educaci\u00f3. Si combinem educaci\u00f3 i literatura, arribem a la conclusi\u00f3 que ambdues recreen la cultura,&nbsp;conreen el coneixement,&nbsp;i estimulen la&nbsp;socialitzaci\u00f3&nbsp;i&nbsp;la formaci\u00f3 i, per tant, la construcci\u00f3 personal, social i comunit\u00e0ria. L\u2019educaci\u00f3 busca la vida amb realisme i la literatura sol fer-ho a trav\u00e9s de la imaginaci\u00f3 i&nbsp;la&nbsp;fantasia i, de tant en tant, s\u2019intercanvien els papers.&nbsp;L\u2019una&nbsp;i l&#8217;altra poden emmirallar-se i, per aquest motiu,&nbsp;observo amb especial inter\u00e8s la literatura infantil i juvenil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En resum, hi ha molts arguments per justificar el fet de prendre la literatura infantil i juvenil com a atalaia, encara que literatura i educaci\u00f3 siguin manifestacions diferents i aut\u00f2nomes, totes dues comparteixen alguns aspectes en la seva ra\u00f3 de ser. Per tant, \u00e9s v\u00e0lid suposar que la literatura pot conduir el fenomen educatiu, i tamb\u00e9 moltes altres activitats humanes. La transmissi\u00f3 de valors es produeix a la fam\u00edlia de manera natural i oral. Per\u00f2 l\u2019escola &nbsp;juga igualment un paper fonamental. I qui diu l&#8217;escola tamb\u00e9 les institucions que treballen per a la comunitat i la instauraci\u00f3 de valors saludables. Els valors es poden&nbsp;reblar&nbsp;o corregir, i tant la fam\u00edlia&nbsp;com l\u2019escola i institucions&nbsp;han d\u2019ajudar-se de la literatura com a transmissora de valors: l\u2019amistat, el comprom\u00eds, la compassi\u00f3, la igualtat entre les nenes i els nens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200bAvui, &nbsp;ja a&nbsp;partir de la&nbsp;pre-adolesc\u00e8ncia, &nbsp;es manifesten molts problemes recurrents&nbsp;&nbsp;en les din\u00e0miques comunicacionals entre els g\u00e8neres:&nbsp;l\u2019assetjament, les agressions verbals i f\u00edsiques, les violacions en&nbsp;manada.&nbsp;Totes aquestes perversions es&nbsp;perpetren&nbsp;en nom d\u2019uns valors &nbsp;supremacistes i de deshumanitzaci\u00f3 inserits culturalment.&nbsp;Perqu\u00e8&nbsp;els&nbsp;valors de la nostra cultura es configuren sobre el p\u00f2sit educatiu que els joves han anat conreant des de la infantesa. I aquests&nbsp;valors&nbsp;seran&nbsp;els que regnaran a la societat i desembocaran en les actituds que es transmeten de generaci\u00f3 en generaci\u00f3.&nbsp;Per exemple,&nbsp;saber demanar perd\u00f3, donar les gr\u00e0cies, no fer mal a ning\u00fa&nbsp;s\u00f3n valors, malauradament, caducs.<br>\u200bS\u2019educa a&nbsp;partir de&nbsp;concrecions&nbsp;\u2014&nbsp;per&nbsp;educar, per&nbsp;instruir en valors,&nbsp;les&nbsp;abstraccions&nbsp;serveixen de ben poca cosa\u2014&nbsp;i aquestes concrecions&nbsp;es tradueixen en comportaments, en maneres d&#8217;actuar, en actituds.&nbsp;Per&nbsp;aix\u00f2,&nbsp;la narrativa pot ser una eina efica\u00e7 per contribuir a l&#8217;educaci\u00f3 emocional i al desenvolupament de valors.&nbsp;\u00c9s a partir de la suma de&nbsp;conductes&nbsp;i especificacions&nbsp;concretes&nbsp;que els valors&nbsp;es desprenen&nbsp;com un fet natural&nbsp;i els&nbsp;contes per a infants&nbsp;(els&nbsp;que&nbsp;abracen tant l\u2019aspecte \u00e8tic com l\u2019est\u00e8tic), amb la&nbsp;narrativa d\u2019hist\u00f2ries constru\u00efdes a partir de&nbsp;conductes&nbsp;determinades,&nbsp;d\u2019actituds,de matisacions delimitades,&nbsp;\u00e9s a dir,&nbsp;a partir&nbsp;de concrecions,&nbsp;esdevenen&nbsp;instruments de construcci\u00f3 de valors d\u2019una extraordin\u00e0ria pot\u00e8ncia.&nbsp;Tenen un gran valor pedag\u00f2gic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b L\u2019any 1996, per contribuir a l\u2019Any Internacional de l\u2019Infant, l\u2019IBBY (International Board on Books for Young People) va promoure un document en qu\u00e8 s\u2019exhorta els educadors i escriptors de literatura infantil i juvenil al comprom\u00eds de garantir als infants la facultat de llegir i la capacitat de disposar d\u2019una selecci\u00f3 \u00e0mplia i rica de llibres que responguin als seus interessos i&nbsp;necessitats. Es&nbsp;pret\u00e9n que els nens i les nenes i la joventut estiguin prove\u00efts&nbsp;tant d\u2019idees, d\u2019ideals&nbsp;i de valors, com tamb\u00e9 de la informaci\u00f3 i la inspiraci\u00f3 que necessiten per fer un m\u00f3n millor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els contes que INTRESS publica&nbsp;parteixen&nbsp;de la convicci\u00f3&nbsp;encertada i documentada de&nbsp;que,&nbsp;des de la literatura,&nbsp;es poden oferir possibilitats, camins i exemples per dissenyar la manera de ser.&nbsp;Els&nbsp;escriuen els&nbsp;mateixos professionals&nbsp;de l\u2019entitat&nbsp;i els anys&nbsp;de treball&nbsp;i experi\u00e8ncia&nbsp;n\u2019avalen&nbsp;la qualitat.&nbsp;Per exemple,&nbsp;Nika, la Popeta&nbsp;valenta\/Nika,&nbsp;la pulpita valiente, el primer llibre que&nbsp;vull&nbsp;ressaltar aqu\u00ed,&nbsp;ha estat escrit per una treballadora social, soci\u00f2loga, polit\u00f2loga,&nbsp;coach&nbsp;certificada, educadora de fam\u00edlies,&nbsp;i especialista en prevenci\u00f3 de viol\u00e8ncia masclista.&nbsp;Despr\u00e9s de m\u00e9s de 23 anys a&nbsp;INTRESS,&nbsp;aquesta autora&nbsp;ens aporta la seva experi\u00e8ncia laboral&nbsp;com a directora de dos centres p\u00fablics&nbsp;que pertanyen a la Xarxa&nbsp;Integral contra la viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere.&nbsp;Per mitj\u00e0 de&nbsp;la&nbsp;protagonista Nikita,&nbsp;el conte aporta la vestibulitzaci\u00f3&nbsp;d\u2019estereotips&nbsp;per ra\u00f3 de g\u00e8nere;&nbsp;apropa als infants la realitat de&nbsp;la cultura masclista i discriminat\u00f2ria,&nbsp;al\u2019exist\u00e8ncia&nbsp;d\u2019una societat&nbsp;que,&nbsp;encara a dia d\u2019avui,&nbsp;perpetua&nbsp;aquesta cultura&nbsp;tan arrelada&nbsp;en el&nbsp;concepte &nbsp;de \u201cvirilitat\u201d&nbsp;i el masclisme.&nbsp;Milers&nbsp;de dones i&nbsp;nenes al m\u00f3n pateixen viol\u00e8ncia masclista&nbsp;i,&nbsp;encara&nbsp;pitjor, les an\u00e0lisis&nbsp;socials apunten a l\u2019increment de la normalitzaci\u00f3 de&nbsp;les conductes&nbsp;agressives i&nbsp;prepotents,&nbsp;de control i subjugaci\u00f3.&nbsp;Per\u00f2&nbsp;la popeta&nbsp;Nika&nbsp;del conte&nbsp;\u00e9s capa\u00e7 d\u2019adonar-se de la discriminaci\u00f3 que pateix&nbsp;respecte dels seus germans&nbsp;popets&nbsp;i sap reaccionar.&nbsp;El&nbsp;relat exemplifica&nbsp;fent servir&nbsp;concrecions&nbsp;flagrants, &nbsp;exposant&nbsp;conductes discriminat\u00f2ries quotidianes i, ensems,&nbsp;de sublevaci\u00f3, d\u2019autoestima&nbsp;i reafirmaci\u00f3&nbsp;de Nika.&nbsp;El meu parer \u00e9s que el conte&nbsp;no nom\u00e9s va&nbsp;dirigit&nbsp;als infants sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9, &nbsp;i&nbsp;potser&nbsp;sobretot, al conjunt de&nbsp;la fam\u00edlia.&nbsp;Tot aix\u00f2 fa d\u2019aquest&nbsp;relat&nbsp;una eina pedag\u00f2gica de primera magnitud,&nbsp;que posa en evid\u00e8ncia, de forma&nbsp;clara&nbsp;i concisa&nbsp;els paranys&nbsp;dels estereotips i&nbsp;rols de g\u00e8nere&nbsp;que autom\u00e0ticament justifiquen&nbsp;les actituds de&nbsp;discriminaci\u00f3 entre iguals.&nbsp;Els dibuixos s\u00f3n maqu\u00edssims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019altra conte es titula&nbsp;la \u201cCamaleona Ashanti\u201d&nbsp;(vaja, amb la camaleona!).&nbsp;L\u2019ha escrit&nbsp;un equip de professionals d\u2019Intress i&nbsp;per mitj\u00e0 de l\u2019expressi\u00f3 art\u00edstica&nbsp;de&nbsp;l\u2019escriptura&nbsp;i el dibuix&nbsp;ens&nbsp;condueix per&nbsp;la sendera dels&nbsp;processos de den\u00fancia i compareixen\u00e7a&nbsp;en&nbsp;els&nbsp;abruptes&nbsp;jutjats de les v\u00edctimes de viol\u00e8ncia masclista en les relacions de&nbsp;parella i,&nbsp;sobretot, explica l\u2019acompanyament que poden rebre tant les v\u00edctimes com&nbsp;la descend\u00e8ncia fruit de la parella.&nbsp;L\u2019objectiu \u00e9s visibilitzar aquesta situaci\u00f3 que pateixen tantes dones al nostre pa\u00eds, donar informaci\u00f3 i&nbsp;pautes&nbsp;d\u2019actuaci\u00f3&nbsp;per mitj\u00e0 de la facilitat expositiva&nbsp;d\u2019un conte&nbsp;i l\u2019expressi\u00f3 gr\u00e0fica del dibuix.&nbsp;La funci\u00f3 pedag\u00f2gica \u00e9s evident.&nbsp;Nom\u00e9s em&nbsp;resta a dir que tant de bo, aquests contes es difonguin i arribin als f\u00f2rums pertinents. (Podeu entrar a www.intress.org)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La literatura infantil i juvenil\u00a0t\u00e9 una gran influ\u00e8ncia\u00a0en\u00a0l\u2019educaci\u00f3 emocional\u00a0dels infants\u00a0i en el desenvolupament de valors\u00a0humans,\u00a0de\u00a0respecte\u00a0i\u00a0igualtat.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":25547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26654],"tags":[48797,47500,48794,48798,48796,48795,48799,47224,26192],"class_list":["post-77425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinio-infancia-i-adolescencia","tag-amparo-porcel","tag-educacio-3","tag-emocions-2","tag-ibby-2","tag-intress-2","tag-literatura-infantil-2","tag-literatura-juvenil","tag-violencia-genere-5","tag-violencia-masclista-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere. 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