{"id":74535,"date":"2023-05-25T19:21:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-25T17:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/?p=74535"},"modified":"2023-05-25T19:51:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-25T17:51:48","slug":"mes-pistes-per-a-un-periodisme-sense-etiquetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/mes-pistes-per-a-un-periodisme-sense-etiquetes\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9s pistes per a un periodisme sense etiquetes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per <strong>Lisandra Ronquillo<\/strong>, SemLac. Foto: Arxiu SemLac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Davant les problem\u00e0tiques de g\u00e8nere, els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 constitueixen una arma de doble fil. Per una banda, permeten visibilitzar realitats no hegem\u00f2niques i conscienciar sobre processos de canvi en diferents esferes: econ\u00f2mica, pol\u00edtica, social, jur\u00eddica, cultural, etc. De l&#8217;altra, reafirmen estereotips, rols i relacions de poder que responen a l&#8217;status quo heteronormatiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All\u00f2 que <strong>Judith Butler <\/strong>conceptualitza com l&#8217;heterosexualitat hipostatitzada es construeix de manera simb\u00f2lica1. Aquesta estructura determina acords socials i, alhora, permet el funcionament de l&#8217;Estat i la naci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les relacions d&#8217;intercanvi que conformen la cultura com una s\u00e8rie de transaccions o de traduccions no s\u00f3n nom\u00e9s, o de manera prominent, sexuals; sin\u00f3 que prenen la sexualitat com el seu tema, per dir-ho aix\u00ed, quan est\u00e0 en joc la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de la transmissi\u00f3 cultural i de la reproducci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&#8217;acord amb la doctora <strong>Isabel Moya<\/strong>, els estudis de g\u00e8nere se situen en dos \u00e0mbits: el desenvolupament de les pr\u00e0ctiques culturals i l&#8217;exercici dels rols assumits o assignats. La tamb\u00e9 periodista n&#8217;afegeix un altre: el ciberespai, on conflueixen les formes de comunicaci\u00f3 f\u00e0ctica, interpersonal, massiva, no verbal i intrapersonal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La postmoderna expressi\u00f3 \u201cpol\u00edticament correcte\u201d il\u00b7lustra una de les estrat\u00e8gies dels discursos hegem\u00f2nics del segle XX i dels inicis del XXI: l&#8217;apropiaci\u00f3 dels discursos alternatius o contrahegem\u00f2nics, despullant-los del car\u00e0cter transgressor, buidant-los dels seus veritables continguts, manipulant les seves ess\u00e8ncies i potenciant el que \u00e9s aparencial per acabar \u201chibridant-lo\u201d en el seu propi discurs (\u2026) No escapen a aquest \u201creciclatge light\u201d el g\u00e8nere, l&#8217;otretat i l&#8217;orientaci\u00f3 sexual, que apareixen sovint als grans mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 social, a les intervencions p\u00fabliques pol\u00edtics i en els projectes de certs organismes internacionals que s&#8217;apunten a les regles del joc de la \u201ctoler\u00e0ncia\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquesta intenci\u00f3 d&#8217;assolir un equilibri tem\u00e0tic inclou tamb\u00e9 la transgressi\u00f3 de les formes tradicionals de representar les societats. La comunicaci\u00f3 assumeix, en aquests casos, no sols una funci\u00f3 informativa sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 transformadora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com apunta <strong>Mariela Castro <\/strong>en la seva tesi doctoral als mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 es decideix l&#8217;hegemonia cultural i es generen estereotips. Aquests promouen les relacions socials asim\u00e8triques. A trav\u00e9s dels mitjans no nom\u00e9s es construeixen les grans ideologies econ\u00f2miques i pol\u00edtiques, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 ideologies de g\u00e8nere, ra\u00e7a, sexualitat i posici\u00f3 social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A l&#8217;era de les Tecnologies de la Informaci\u00f3 i la Comunicaci\u00f3, la producci\u00f3 i el consum simb\u00f2lic han d&#8217;apostar per renunciar a les categoritzacions arbitr\u00e0ries, la necessitat d&#8217;etiquetar comportaments i modes de vida, el determinisme d&#8217;all\u00f2 \u201cnormal\u201d i all\u00f2 \u201canormal\u201d .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No es pot concebre les persones nom\u00e9s com a construccions socials ni nom\u00e9s com a anatomies. Amb dues visions reduccionistes s\u00f3n inoperants per explorar l&#8217;articulaci\u00f3 del que es juga a cada dimensi\u00f3: carn (hormones, processos bioqu\u00edmics), ment (cultura, prescripcions socials, tradicions) i inconscient (desitjos, pulsions, identificacions) (\u2026) La representaci\u00f3 inconscient del cos, necess\u00e0riament, passa per la representaci\u00f3 imagin\u00e0ria i la simb\u00f2lica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una de les moltes eines produ\u00efdes en les darreres d\u00e8cades per incorporar la perspectiva de g\u00e8nere als mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 \u00e9s el Manual de G\u00e8nere per a Periodistes. Aquest document, publicat el 2012 pel Programa de les Nacions Unides per al Desenvolupament (Pnud), recomana pautes per a la introducci\u00f3 i aplicabilitat de certes nocions de g\u00e8nere en els processos productius. Aquestes no poden ser exclusives d&#8217;un sector especialitzat, sin\u00f3 permear el tractament i el desenvolupament de tota la informaci\u00f3. Entre els punts essencials hi ha: Aprofundir en les relacions de g\u00e8nere, poder i inequitat abordant disparitats en l&#8217;acc\u00e9s i el control sobre recursos, decisions, oportunitats, retribucions, expectatives.<br>Usar un llenguatge incloent com a eina de canvi. Tot i la riquesa ling\u00fc\u00edstica, suficient per evitar exclusions, invisibilitzacions o marginacions, l&#8217;idioma s&#8217;utilitza amb enfocaments racistes, sexistes, classista i heterocentrista.<br>Atorgar igual import\u00e0ncia a la selecci\u00f3 intencional de productes. El concepte de viol\u00e8ncia simb\u00f2lica va ser definit pel te\u00f2ric franc\u00e8s<strong> Pierre Bourdieu<\/strong> com a articulaci\u00f3 de mecanismes, imatges i pr\u00e0ctiques que intenten imposar una visi\u00f3 del m\u00f3n que es pret\u00e9n leg\u00edtima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amplieu l&#8217;agenda medi\u00e0tica i p\u00fablica amb un enfocament inclusiu. En aquest manual se subratlla l&#8217;estereotipaci\u00f3 o l&#8217;abs\u00e8ncia total de certs grups socials a l&#8217;espectre medi\u00e0tic. Aquestes zones de silenci demanen ser substitu\u00efdes per graelles informatives que reflecteixin el car\u00e0cter heterogeni de la societat.<br>Incorporar la perspectiva de g\u00e8nere a les cobertures period\u00edstiques implica un reaprenentatge de les pr\u00e0ctiques de producci\u00f3, elaboraci\u00f3 i emissi\u00f3 de not\u00edcies per a responsables de mitjans i professionals de la comunicaci\u00f3 (\u2026) Si alguna cosa caracteritza la comunicaci\u00f3 i les teories de g\u00e8nere \u00e9s la \u201cinterseccionalitat amb altres causes\u201d. Aquestes interseccions formen part del car\u00e0cter interdisciplinari, multidisciplinari i transdisciplinari de la comunicaci\u00f3. Com apunta l&#8217;estudiosa argentina<strong> Paula Ladevito<\/strong>, les teories de g\u00e8nere recuperen el car\u00e0cter socialment i culturalment constru\u00eft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Especialistes diversos tamb\u00e9 han reconegut el rol dels mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 per visibilitzar la viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere i trencar la naturalitzaci\u00f3 que l&#8217;acompanya; per\u00f2, alhora, utilitzar altres narratives que col\u00b7loquin la igualtat de g\u00e8nere al centre d&#8217;una comunicaci\u00f3 transformadora i sensible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les concepcions de g\u00e8nere, les caracter\u00edstiques que en determinat context social se&#8217;ls assignen a les persones estan instal\u00b7lades a l&#8217;imaginari social i els mitjans les reprodueixen i naturalitzen, fins i tot sense ser-ne conscients. Visibilitzar all\u00f2 inconscient \u00e9s la principal tasca de la comunicaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El periodisme ha de posicionar alternatives en les maneres de narrar les diferents realitats. Durant el panell \u201cClaus per a una comunicaci\u00f3 inclusiva\u201d, part de la XIV Jornada contra l&#8217;Homof\u00f2bia i la Transf\u00f2bia a Cuba, la periodista <strong>Dixie Edith Trinquete<\/strong> va fer una crida a transcendir l&#8217;epidermis de la teoria de g\u00e8nere i aprofundir com inserir-la a l&#8217;univers period\u00edstic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El problema de la inclusi\u00f3 \u00e9s m\u00e9s profund que les vocals. No abra\u00e7a nom\u00e9s les normes d&#8217;edici\u00f3 i redacci\u00f3, sin\u00f3 un canvi en el propi esperit de la comunicaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La teoria de g\u00e8nere s&#8217;insereix a poc a poc en les relacions i mediacions de les rutines productives, els valors not\u00edcia, les ideologies professionals, els missatges i les representacions simb\u00f2liques. La professora Isabel Moya, que fa uns anys ens va deixar, una de les investigadores cubanes m\u00e9s importants en aquesta mat\u00e8ria, va proposar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L&#8217;estudi de les propostes alternatives a la comunicaci\u00f3 hegem\u00f2nica<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ampliar els anomenats estudis de l&#8217;emissor per desconstruir els mecanismes de reproducci\u00f3 dels missatges sexistes.<\/em><br><em>Analitzar la imatge de les dones i els homes en la seva relaci\u00f3 contextual, per fugir d&#8217;enfocaments existencialistes que assumeixen all\u00f2 mascul\u00ed i femen\u00ed com un tot homogeni.<br>Assumir altres espais i suports de la ind\u00fastria cultural.<br>Aportar, en la mesura que el propi desenvolupament d&#8217;aquestes investigacions ho propici\u00efn, a enriquir pressupostos te\u00f2ric metodol\u00f2gics de la teoria de la comunicaci\u00f3.<br>Des de la perspectiva d&#8217;aquesta periodista i acad\u00e8mica, els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 i la teoria de g\u00e8nere s\u00f3n fonamentals per comprendre la nostra diversitat de realitats. Tots dos permeten analitzar la construcci\u00f3 social de sentit i en formen part, alhora, de les construccions simb\u00f2liques. En aquesta interrelaci\u00f3 \u00e9s possible assolir consensos, desmuntar patrons de viol\u00e8ncia i naturalitzar la llibertat expressiva de cossos i identitats.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Davant les problem\u00e0tiques de g\u00e8nere, els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 constitueixen una arma de doble tall. Per una banda, permeten visibilitzar realitats no hegem\u00f2niques i conscienciar sobre processos de canvi en diferents esferes: econ\u00f2mica, pol\u00edtica, social, jur\u00eddica, cultural, etc. De l&#8217;altra, reafirmen estereotips, rols i relacions de poder que responen a l&#8217;status quo heteronormatiu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":74536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26308,26529],"tags":[47293,48011,47551,48006,48004,48008,47921,48010,48009,48005,48007],"class_list":["post-74535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunicacio-tics-publicitat","category-mitjans-de-comunicacio-tics","tag-cuba-3","tag-dixie-edith-trinquete-2","tag-isabel-moya-3","tag-judith-butler","tag-lisandra-ronquillo","tag-manual-de-genere-per-a-periodistes","tag-mariela-castro","tag-paula-ladevito","tag-pierre-bourdieu","tag-srmlac","tag-tic-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u00e9s pistes per a un periodisme sense etiquetes | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Davant les problem\u00e0tiques de g\u00e8nere, els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 constitueixen una arma de doble tall. Per una banda, permeten visibilitzar realitats no hegem\u00f2niques i conscienciar sobre processos de canvi en diferents esferes: econ\u00f2mica, pol\u00edtica, social, jur\u00eddica, cultural, etc. De l&#039;altra, reafirmen estereotips, rols i relacions de poder que responen a l&#039;status quo heteronormatiu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/mes-pistes-per-a-un-periodisme-sense-etiquetes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00e9s pistes per a un periodisme sense etiquetes | La Independent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Davant les problem\u00e0tiques de g\u00e8nere, els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 constitueixen una arma de doble tall. 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