{"id":70070,"date":"2022-06-09T11:36:51","date_gmt":"2022-06-09T09:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/el-tabu-de-la-mutilacio-genital-femenina-mgf\/"},"modified":"2023-03-19T16:56:15","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T15:56:15","slug":"el-tabu-de-la-mutilacio-genital-femenina-mgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/el-tabu-de-la-mutilacio-genital-femenina-mgf\/","title":{"rendered":"El tab\u00fa de la Mutilaci\u00f3 Genital Femenina (MGF)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OPINI\u00d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Un grup de docents i investigadores de les universitats de Granada, Almer\u00eda, Ram\u00f3n Llull i Ja\u00e9n han presentat recentment un estudi que inclou entrevistes en profunditat amb dotze dones que han patit mutilaci\u00f3 genital (MGF).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;any 2004 vaig publicar un estudi sobre aquesta aberraci\u00f3 (Cr\u00f2niques d&#8217;una vida sense just\u00edcia, L&#8217;Espill, n\u00famero 18) i les dades coincideixen sense que, malauradament (esclar), es vegin millores substancials. Tot plegat, horripilant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada any, gaireb\u00e9 quatre milions de nenes s\u00f3n v\u00edctimes de mutilaci\u00f3 genital a l&#8217;Africa Subsahariana, Orient Mitj\u00e0, \u00c0sia, i d&#8217;una manera encoberta, a molts pa\u00efsos europeus. Segons l&#8217;Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut, m\u00e9s de 200 milions de nenes i dones que viuen actualment han estat mutilades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La MGF \u00e9s una flagrant violaci\u00f3 dels drets humans reconeguda internacionalment. A Espanya, es considera a m\u00e9s com una forma de viol\u00e8ncia de g\u00e8nere. No pot ser considerada d&#8217;altra manera. Constitueix un delicte de lesions, tal i com ha estat recollit en la reforma del Codi Penal de l&#8217;any 2003. Sumem-hi el treball ingent i d&#8217;all\u00f2 m\u00e9s lloable (educaci\u00f3, informaci\u00f3, conscienciaci\u00f3&#8230;) de multitud d&#8217;organitzacions no governamentals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El mes de juliol de 1997, les Nacions Unides aprovaren una llei que condemnava aquesta nauseabunda pr\u00e0ctica, i el Parlament Europeu ha considerat que constitueix un grav\u00edssim atemptat a la salut ps\u00edquica i f\u00edsica de les dones; les complicacions f\u00edsiques psicol\u00f2giques i socials que pateixen les supervivents inclou problemes urinaris, disfuncions sexuals, trastorns psicol\u00f2gics i depressi\u00f3 i la reaparici\u00f3 del trauma en el moment del part. I tot aix\u00f2 si el que no s&#8217;esdev\u00e9 \u00e9s la mort ateses les circumst\u00e0ncies i els m\u00e8todes amb qu\u00e8 es realitza. Cap motivaci\u00f3 de naturalesa cultural ni religiosa no pot justificar aquesta pr\u00e0ctica. \u00c9s un crim contra la integritat personal i una violaci\u00f3 dels drets humans sancionada, com veiem, per nombroses convencions internacionals. En aquest sentit, consideren que el risc de sofrir la MGF \u00e9s motiu per recon\u00e8ixer el dret a l&#8217;asil o per a la protecci\u00f3 humanit\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La MGF \u00e9s una tradici\u00f3, molt anterior a l&#8217;islam, ja que els seus or\u00edgens es remunten a l&#8217;edat de pedra a l&#8217;\u00c0frica central. Actualment encara \u00e9s arrelada en molts pa\u00efsos africans. Val a dir que la Uni\u00f3 Africana ha prohibit qualsevol tipus de mutilaci\u00f3 genital femenina en el conegut Protocol de Maputo. Fins i tot hi ha pa\u00efsos con el cas pioner de Guinea l&#8217;any 1965. \u00c9s sobretot a partir dels anys 90 quan altres pa\u00efsos es va sumar a la prohibici\u00f3. Per\u00f2 segueix permetent-se a Som\u00e0lia, Mali, Serra Lleona i el Txad, entre d&#8217;altres pa\u00efsos, si b\u00e9 cal dir que la meitat de les nenes i dones que han estat mutilades viuen a Egipte, Eti\u00f2pia i Indonesia. A partir dels anys 80, i sobretot en els 90, va quedar prohibida per llei a Europa, Am\u00e8rica i Oceania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al llarg de les ribes del Nil \u00e9s, des de fa m\u00e9s de dos mil anys, un costum profundament arrelat. Segons un estudi de la ONG Medicus Mundi, m\u00e9s d&#8217;un 50% de les dones eg\u00edpcies han estat mutilades. Aquesta xifra s&#8217;eleva en les zones rurals fins a un 89 %. El fet \u00e9s que, a Egipte, encara avui dia es mutilen di\u00e0riament al voltant de tres mil sis-centes nenes. La tradici\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;est\u00e9n per Oman, Iemen i en els Emirats \u00c0rabs. Te\u00f2legs isl\u00e0mics de tot el m\u00f3n han negat que hi hagi raons religioses que justifiquin la circumcisi\u00f3 femenina, els or\u00edgens de la qual, com hem dit, arrenquen de temps remots, i tots estan d&#8217;acord que les lleis de l&#8217;Alcor\u00e0 no la prescriuen. De fet, la MGF no es practica als pa\u00efsos isl\u00e0mics m\u00e9s estrictes i ortodoxos com ara l&#8217;Ar\u00e0bia Saudita, l&#8217;Iran o el Magrib. Aquesta tradici\u00f3 horripilant est\u00e0 encara tan profundament establerta en les comunitats que la practiquen perqu\u00e8 es creu que no hi ha motius per a erradicar-la, ja que \u00e9s una tradici\u00f3 positiva i les tradicions positives s&#8217;han de respectar. Nom\u00e9s que la positivitat de la tradici\u00f3 no es veu per enlloc. En qualsevol de les modalitats \u00e9s espant\u00f3s. Comporta conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de tota mena absolutament nefastes per a les dones. Amb tot, el m\u00e9s important, i tamb\u00e9 el m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil, \u00e9s canviar l&#8217;opini\u00f3 i el comportament de la poblaci\u00f3. Perqu\u00e8, malgrat les lleis que la prohibeixen, es continua practicant impunement fins al punt que produeix la mort de m\u00e9s de tres mil dones l&#8217;any. Els m\u00e8todes i tipus de mutilaci\u00f3 difereixen entre els pa\u00efsos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;escriptora somal\u00ed <strong>Waris Dirie<\/strong> ens conta en <em>Amanecer en el desierto<\/em> com la seva mare la dugu\u00e9 a una vella bedu\u00efna perqu\u00e8 la circumcid\u00e9s; creia, la seva mare, que d&#8217;aquesta manera esdevindria una dona neta i pura, una dona digna per a casar-se i formar una fam\u00edlia. Esgarrifa la lectura de l&#8217;episodi de la mort de la seva germana, dessagnada quan la mateixa bedu\u00efna li tallava el cl\u00edtoris, els llavis menors i tamb\u00e9 els llavis majors. Aquesta operaci\u00f3 \u00e9s la forma m\u00e9s brutal de mutilaci\u00f3 genital, i s&#8217;anomena \u00abinfibulaci\u00f3\u00bb o \u00abcircumcisi\u00f3 fara\u00f2nica\u00bb. Ens conta Waris com als tretze anys es va escapar de casa perqu\u00e8 el seu pare la volia casar amb un home vell al qual no coneixia. Aquesta escriptora ha estat durant anys ambaixadora de l&#8217;organisme de les Nacions Unides per a combatre la MGF; moltes dones, com ella, han trencat el tab\u00fa i en parlen sense embuts. <strong>Nawal al-Sa&#8217;dawi<\/strong> fou, l&#8217;any 1971, la primera a denunciar p\u00fablicament la brutalitat d&#8217;aquesta pr\u00e0ctica tradicional. Ella \u00e9s, juntament amb altres dones escriptores, un fidedigne testimoni, ja que tamb\u00e9 fou circumcidada. Igual que la mare de l&#8217;escriptora Waris Dirie, igual que les mares que duen a mutilar les seves filles, la mare de Naval creia que havia d&#8217;arribar neta i pura al matrimoni: amb els genitals mutilats no cauria en la temptaci\u00f3 de la carn. D&#8217;aquesta manera esdevindria t\u00edmida i virtuosa, ja que una jove no circumcidada \u00e9s f\u00e0cil d&#8217;excitar sexualment i, per tant, propensa a cometre actes il\u00b7l\u00edcits, indecents, impurs&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Res m\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OPINI\u00d3 Un grup de docents i investigadores de les universitats de Granada, Almer\u00eda, Ram\u00f3n Llull i Ja\u00e9n han presentat recentment un estudi que inclou entrevistes en profunditat amb dotze dones que han patit mutilaci\u00f3 genital (MGF).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":38547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26458],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salut-sexual-i-reproductiva"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>El tab\u00fa de la Mutilaci\u00f3 Genital Femenina (MGF) | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"OPINI\u00d3 Un grup de docents i investigadores de les universitats de Granada, Almer\u00eda, Ram\u00f3n Llull i Ja\u00e9n han presentat recentment un estudi que inclou entrevistes en profunditat amb dotze dones que han patit mutilaci\u00f3 genital (MGF).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/el-tabu-de-la-mutilacio-genital-femenina-mgf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El tab\u00fa de la Mutilaci\u00f3 Genital Femenina (MGF) | La Independent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"OPINI\u00d3 Un grup de 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