{"id":69504,"date":"2022-01-18T15:56:19","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T14:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/bolivia-homes-aferrats-al-poder\/"},"modified":"2023-03-02T12:53:07","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T11:53:07","slug":"bolivia-homes-aferrats-al-poder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/bolivia-homes-aferrats-al-poder\/","title":{"rendered":"Bol\u00edvia, homes aferrats al poder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Opini\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tot i la paritat representativa al Parlament bolivi\u00e0 i que el govern va declarar el 2020 com a any de la despatriarcalitzaci\u00f3, un informe mostra que cap partit pol\u00edtic t\u00e9 veritable inter\u00e8s a donar m\u00e9s espai a les dones.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi ha noms que a Bol\u00edvia s\u00f3n molt coneguts i, a m\u00e9s d&#8217;aix\u00f2, el que tenen en com\u00fa \u00e9s que <strong>Luis Arce<\/strong> i <strong>David Choquehuanca<\/strong>, m\u00e9s encara <strong>Evo Morales<\/strong> i, per darrere, <strong>Andr\u00f3nico Rodr\u00edguez<\/strong>, estan aferrats al poder, s\u00ed. Aix\u00ed tamb\u00e9 ho est\u00e0 amb dissimulaci\u00f3 <strong>Carlos Mesa<\/strong> i amb desvergonyiment <strong>Luis Fernando Camacho<\/strong>, i amb estil militar <strong>Mandred Reyes Villa<\/strong>, entre d&#8217;altres. <strong>Samuel Doria Medina<\/strong> ha fet un pas al costat, per\u00f2 s&#8217;ha assegurat de ser el secretari general del seu partit. Ah!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parlo del poder als partits pol\u00edtics i, en realitat, no tant de noms com de g\u00e8nere. All\u00e0, en els partits (com en organitzacions socials), els homes brillen o volen brillar sigui com sigui, malgrat els aven\u00e7os aconseguits pel que fa a paritat representativa (al Parlament i regidories). \u00c9s que la representaci\u00f3 no importa gaire mentre se subjecti la paella pel comandament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aix\u00f2 queda demostrat que en les declaracions de principis dels principals partits pol\u00edtics i aliances pol\u00edtiques actuals (MAS-IPSP, Comunidad Ciudadana, Creemos, Movimiento Tercer Sistema, Frente de Unidad Nacional i Dem\u00f3cratas) cap, cap, fa refer\u00e8ncia o contempla aspectes referits a: Drets de les dones, la paritat, enfocament de g\u00e8nere, viol\u00e8ncia cap a les dones o democr\u00e0cia parit\u00e0ria; nom\u00e9s Dem\u00f2crates fa refer\u00e8ncia a lenfocament de g\u00e8nere. Aquesta dada surt de l&#8217;informe &#8220;La paritat m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la paritat. Participaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica de les dones al llarg cam\u00ed cap a la &#8220;democr\u00e0cia parit\u00e0ria intercultural&#8221; elaborat per Oxfam-Bol\u00edvia, la Coordinadora de la Mujer i el Centro de Estudios Superiores Universitarios (CESU-UMSS), recentment presentat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Que els partits no contemplin als seus programes i principis gens relacionat amb la discriminaci\u00f3 per g\u00e8nere, \u00e9s senyal que formen part militant del patriarcat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bol\u00edvia va tancar 2021 amb 108 feminicidis i el govern ha comen\u00e7at 2022 declarant-ho &#8220;Any de la revoluci\u00f3 cultural per a la despatriarcalitzaci\u00f3: per una vida lliure de viol\u00e8ncia contra les dones&#8221;, per a la qual cosa va aprovar el Decret Suprem 4650 que, al seu apartat d&#8217;accions, assenyala que s&#8217;ha de &#8220;generar espais de reflexi\u00f3, socialitzaci\u00f3 i acci\u00f3&#8221;, fer &#8220;formaci\u00f3 en temes de prevenci\u00f3&#8221;, tamb\u00e9 &#8220;impulsar accions culturals&#8221;, com a quart punt parla de formular &#8220;pol\u00edtiques&#8221; des d&#8217;aquesta perspectiva, a m\u00e9s de fer campanyes de comunicaci\u00f3, entre d&#8217;altres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9s evident que la despatriarcalitzaci\u00f3 no \u00e9s possible fer-la per decret, ni tan sols amb reflexions. Al seu informe, Oxfam i altres assenyalen que &#8220;es requereix una nova generaci\u00f3 de reformes&#8221;, ja que les que hi ha s\u00f3n bones, per\u00f2 insuficients, a m\u00e9s que &#8220;\u00e9s fonamental radicalitzar la paritat&#8221;. Un exemple, que far\u00e0 evident que el govern de deb\u00f2 vol aplicar el que diu el decret 4650 \u00e9s que en el proper canvi de gabinet hi hagi, com a m\u00ednim, la mateixa quantitat de dones ministres que homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atesa la import\u00e0ncia del partit de govern a l&#8217;escenari nacional, ja que \u00e9s l&#8217;\u00fanic amb pres\u00e8ncia i pes a tot el territori, tamb\u00e9 hauria d&#8217;aplicar la paritat com a part de la seva estructura interna, cosa que no existeix. \u00c9s un partit molt masculinitzat, amb pres\u00e8ncia molt disminu\u00efda de dones, de manera que un canvi intern donaria credibilitat a les seves intencions manifestes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;informe d&#8217;Oxfam i altres mostra el proc\u00e9s en qu\u00e8 les dones han anat ocupant c\u00e0rrecs al Parlament, \u00e9s aix\u00ed que, sense una normativa a favor de la pres\u00e8ncia de les dones, el 1993 aquesta pres\u00e8ncia era del 10% a Diputats i 3, 7% al Senat; quan es van aplicar quotes, aquestes xifres no van pujar gaire arribant-se el 2005 al 16,9 a Diputats i mantenint-se el 3,7 a Senadors. Amb la paritat es produeix el canvi i el 2020 es t\u00e9 un 46,9% a Diputats i un 55,5% a Senadors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La poca pres\u00e8ncia i pes real de les dones s&#8217;observa a les candidatures a la presid\u00e8ncia del pa\u00eds, on, des del 1979 fins al 2020 nom\u00e9s dues dones van ser candidates: <strong>Remedios Loza<\/strong> el 1997 i <strong>Ana Mar\u00eda Flores<\/strong> el 2009; mentre que com a candidates a vicepresidentes hi ha m\u00e9s pres\u00e8ncia, encara que encara molt menor que la dels homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&#8217;altra banda, &#8220;en el per\u00edode 1993-2021 (gaireb\u00e9 tres d\u00e8cades de democr\u00e0cia) la pres\u00e8ncia de dones com a ministres ha estat minorit\u00e0ria i en alguns moments francament marginal. Nom\u00e9s es registra un moment especial que va durar dos anys (2010-2011) en qu\u00e8 es va conformar un gabinet paritari. Va ser un gest molt valu\u00f3s de reconeixement a les dones, per\u00f2 va durar poc. I no es va repetir. M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de l&#8217;excepci\u00f3, les ministres van rondar de mitjana una cinquena part dels diferents gabinets&#8221;, assenyala l&#8217;informe. A m\u00e9s, no hi ha hagut fins avui cap governadora electa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;informe d&#8217;Oxfam i d&#8217;altres mostra que els partits &#8220;internament estan lluny de ser democr\u00e0tics&#8221;, ja que &#8220;les estructures org\u00e0niques, les dirigencies i les pr\u00e0ctiques tenen car\u00e0cter androc\u00e8ntric&#8221;, ja que, per a les dones, &#8220;s\u00f3n partits muralla&#8221;. Tamb\u00e9 assenyala una cosa que hauria d&#8217;alarmar: Vuit de cada 10 dones que han aconseguit algun c\u00e0rrec, de representaci\u00f3 o executiu, responen que &#8220;s\u00ed van ser v\u00edctimes d&#8217;assetjament i viol\u00e8ncia pol\u00edtica&#8221; i, a m\u00e9s, &#8220;la meitat ho van patir diverses vegades&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ja n&#8217;hi ha prou. Els partits i els pol\u00edtics que no canvien aquesta situaci\u00f3, que en els seus principis i actes concrets no manifesten el seu rebuig cap a la discriminaci\u00f3 de g\u00e8nere i cap a les viol\u00e8ncies que pateixen les dones, \u00e9s que s\u00f3n masclistes i el patriarcat n&#8217;\u00e9s el sistema. Aix\u00ed de simple. I el principal partit del pa\u00eds, el MAS, t\u00e9 l&#8217;oportunitat i l&#8217;obligaci\u00f3 de donar-ne exemple.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Opini\u00f3 Tot i la paritat representativa al Parlament bolivi\u00e0 i que el govern va declarar el 2020 com a any de la despatriarcalitzaci\u00f3, un informe mostra que cap partit pol\u00edtic t\u00e9 veritable inter\u00e8s a donar m\u00e9s espai a les dones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":63081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26636],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinio-apoderament-i-lideratge"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bol\u00edvia, homes aferrats al poder | La 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