{"id":66481,"date":"2018-10-11T14:23:27","date_gmt":"2018-10-11T12:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/donna-strickland-premi-nobel-de-fisica-2018\/"},"modified":"2018-10-11T14:23:27","modified_gmt":"2018-10-11T12:23:27","slug":"donna-strickland-premi-nobel-de-fisica-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/donna-strickland-premi-nobel-de-fisica-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Donna Strickland, Premi Nobel de F\u00edsica 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00a0<\/p>\n

Aquesta \u00e9s la tercera vegada a la hist\u00f2ria que una dona guanya el Nobel de F\u00edsica, obtingut juntament amb G\u00e9rard Mourou i Arthur Ashkin.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aquest any, el Premi Nobel de F\u00edsica ha estat per a la canadenca Donna Strickland<\/strong>, de la Universitat de Waterloo (Canad\u00e1); el nord-americ\u00e0 Arthur Ashkin<\/strong>, dels Laboratoris Bell amb seu a Holmdel (Nova Jersey, EE.UU.); i el franc\u00e8s G\u00e9rard Mourou<\/strong>, de la Escola Polit\u00e8cnica de Palaiseau prop de Par\u00eds (Fran\u00e7a) i de la Universitat de Michigan a Ann Arbor (EE.UU.).<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Incloent els premiats el 2017, el Premi Nobel ha estat atorgat 844 vegades a homes, 49 vegades a dones i 24 vegades a organitzacions. La primera dona que va guanyar un Premi Nobel va ser Marie Curie<\/strong>,amb el\u00a0 de F\u00edsica el 1903 per les seves investigacions sobre la radioactividad, juntament amb el seu marit Pierre Curie<\/strong> i Henri Becquerel<\/strong>. Marie Curie \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 la \u00fanica dona que ha guanyat el Premi Nobel en m\u00e9s de una ocasi\u00f3, el 1911 va guanyar el de Qu\u00edmica.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

El 1963 Maria Goeppert-Mayer<\/strong> va guanyar el Nobel de F\u00edsica per proposar el model de capes del n\u00facli dels \u00e0toms.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Nobel<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

La Reial Acad\u00e8mia de las Ciencies de Suecia els hi ha atorgat el guard\u00f3 per les pioneres i revolucionaries invencions en el camp de la f\u00edsica l\u00e1ser que han obert el cam\u00ed a noves aplicacions industrials i m\u00e8diques.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Las eines inventades pels premiats i la premiada d’aquest any han estat fonamentals per al desenvolupament de la fot\u00f2nica, l’\u00e0rea de la f\u00edsica que es basa en controlar els fotons de manera comparable a com la electr\u00f2nica es basa en controlar els electrons. Las aplicacions de la fot\u00f2nica inclouen des de la computaci\u00f3 qu\u00e0ntica fins les noves tecnolog\u00edes de diagn\u00f2stic m\u00e8dic, passant pel desenvolupament de nous materials o de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules m\u00e9s eficients per panells d’energia solar.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Una de les t\u00e8cniques m\u00e9s conegudes \u00e9s la que s’utilitza en les intervencions per corregir la miopia anomenada amplificaci\u00f3 de pols gorjeat (o CPA, per les seves inicials en angl\u00e8s), desenvolupada per Strickland i Mourou.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Recorregut de Strickland<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Donna Strickland, va n\u00e8ixer a Guelph, al sud-oest de Canad\u00e0, el 27 de maig de 1959, \u00e9s doctorada en F\u00edsica y pionera en el camp dels l\u00e0sers. Actualment \u00e9s professora associada al Departament de F\u00edsica i Astronomia de la Universitat de Waterloo, provincia d’Ontario. Strickland ha desenvolupat tota la seva carrera en institucions d’Estats Units i Canad\u00e0.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Donna Theo Strickland es va graduar amb el Bachelor of Engineering (B. Eng) i es va llicenciar en Ingenieria F\u00edsica per la Universitat de McMaster en 1981. Va obtenir el seu PhD (doctorat en Filosof\u00eda) en F\u00edsica (especialitat en \u00f2ptica) a la University of Rochester en 1989. La seve tesi doctoral, supervisada per G\u00e9rard Mourou, es titula ‘Development of an ultra-bright laser and an application to multi-photon ionization’.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

El seu treball pioner “Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses” va ser publicat el 1985, i va portar al desenvolupament del camp d’alta intensitat, polsos ultracurts de feixos de llum. El seu treball recent s’ha centrat en ampliar els l\u00edmits de la ci\u00e8ncia \u00f2ptica ultrarr\u00e0pida a nous rangs de longitud d’ona, com l’infraroig mitj\u00e0 i l’ultraviolat, utilitzant t\u00e8cniques com la de dos colors o multifreq\u00fa\u00e8ncia, aix\u00ed com la generaci\u00f2 Raman.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 traballant en el paper dels l\u00e0sers d’alta pot\u00e8ncia en la lent microcristal\u00b7lina de l’ull hum\u00e0, durant el proc\u00e9s de micromaquinat de la lent ocular per curar la presb\u00edcia. Entre els premis que se li han concedit hi ha el Fellow of the Optical Society of America (2008) i l’Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship (1998).<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Ha estat vicepresidenta (2011) i presidenta (2013) de l’Optical Society i editora de la revista Optics Letters de 2004 a 2010.<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

L’ Acad\u00e8mia de Ci\u00e8ncies Sueca decideix cada any a qui li concedeix el Premi de F\u00edsica a partir de propostes rebudes d’ institucions acad\u00e8miques de tot el m\u00f3n. El Nobel s’atorga a un m\u00e0xim de tres investigadors o investigadores, que es repartiran els nou millons de corones sueques (uns 872.000 euros) amb qu\u00e8 est\u00e0 dotat el premi aquest any.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Aquesta \u00e9s la tercera vegada a la hist\u00f2ria que una dona guanya el Nobel de F\u00edsica, obtingut juntament amb G\u00e9rard Mourou i Arthur Ashkin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":34992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26587],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recerca"],"yoast_head":"\nDonna Strickland, Premi Nobel de F\u00edsica 2018 | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0 Aquesta \u00e9s la tercera vegada a la hist\u00f2ria que una dona guanya el Nobel de F\u00edsica, obtingut juntament amb G\u00e9rard Mourou i Arthur Ashkin. 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