{"id":65525,"date":"2017-11-16T01:57:03","date_gmt":"2017-11-16T00:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/el-fracas-del-sistema-europeu-comu-dasil-en-la-proteccio-a-dones-victimes-de-tracta\/"},"modified":"2025-08-11T18:42:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T16:42:24","slug":"el-fracas-del-sistema-europeu-comu-dasil-en-la-proteccio-a-dones-victimes-de-tracta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/el-fracas-del-sistema-europeu-comu-dasil-en-la-proteccio-a-dones-victimes-de-tracta\/","title":{"rendered":"El frac\u00e0s del Sistema Europeu Com\u00fa d’Asil en la protecci\u00f3 a dones v\u00edctimes de trata"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Aquest frac\u00e0s \u00e9s una de les evid\u00e8ncies de l’informe ‘Mares en les xarxes de tr\u00e0fic: drets robats’, de l’organitzaci\u00f3 internacional Women ‘s Link Worldwide<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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L’organitzaci\u00f3 internacional Women ‘s Link Worldwide<\/em> va presentar la setmana passada un nou informe’ “Mares en les xarxes de trata: drets robats”\u00a0 en qu\u00e8 aborda els problemes que enfronten les dones nigerianes v\u00edctimes de trata i els seus fills i filles durant el seu tr\u00e0nsit migratori a Europa. En concret, l’informe se centra en la dificultat que troben aquestes dones per exercir el seu dret a ser mares. L’informe es basa en els testimonis de dones i organitzacions i evidencia l’abs\u00e8ncia d’un enfocament de drets humans amb perspectiva de g\u00e8nere que regeixi l’actuaci\u00f3 de tots els nivells de l’administraci\u00f3 de l’Estat en mat\u00e8ria de trata en els diferents pa\u00efsos de la Uni\u00f3 Europea i, per tant el frac\u00e0s dels sistemes de protecci\u00f3 vigents a Europa. “La prioritzaci\u00f3 de la protecci\u00f3 dels drets humans de les v\u00edctimes ha calat en el discurs oficial dels governs, per\u00f2 la seva efectivitat en la pr\u00e0ctica de les institucions encara no \u00e9s real”, assegura l’informe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les dones experimenten les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de la dificultat de les institucions per a veure-les com a mares de fam\u00edlia i les nenes i adolescents s’enfronten a la manca de mecanismes d’identificaci\u00f3 que garanteixin els seus drets. Com a resultat de l’aplicaci\u00f3 d’un enfocament de persecuci\u00f3 del delicte i de control migratori a la trata, es vulneren drets que tenen relaci\u00f3 directa amb el component de g\u00e8nere i d’inf\u00e0ncia de les v\u00edctimes. Aquests drets s\u00f3n el dret a la inf\u00e0ncia, el dret a la maternitat segura i el dret a la vida privada i familiar, sense discriminaci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"segunda<\/span><\/p>\n

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“Hem vist a les dones moure’s, primer a trav\u00e9s del seu\u00a0 tr\u00e0nsit migratori, travessant deserts i fronteres, i les hem vist moure’s despr\u00e9s, a trav\u00e9s del tr\u00e0nsit de la seva explotaci\u00f3, per l’espai Schengen, aquest espai sense fronteres aparents que, per\u00f2, no es coordina per a la seva protecci\u00f3 d’un pa\u00eds a un altre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elles ens han donat claus que parlen del frac\u00e0s del Sistema Europeu Com\u00fa d’Asil (SECA), de l’abs\u00e8ncia d’un enfocament de drets humans en el treball sobre trata dels estats membres de la Uni\u00f3 Europea, de la manca de di\u00e0leg entre els sistemes de protecci\u00f3 a les v\u00edctimes de trata i els sistemes de protecci\u00f3 a la inf\u00e0ncia que deriven en l’adopci\u00f3 de mesures que lesionen el seu dret a la protecci\u00f3 de la vida privada i familiar sense discriminaci\u00f3”.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’informe revela “importants llacunes comuns” en els quatre pa\u00efsos europeus -Espanya, Fran\u00e7a, Alemanya i Dinamarca- respecte a la protecci\u00f3 dels drets de les dones, adolescents i nenes v\u00edctimes de trata nigerianes. Aix\u00f2 es relaciona directament amb la supremacia dels enfocaments de persecuci\u00f3 del delicte o de control migratori per part de les autoritats en els quatre pa\u00efsos, per sobre de l’enfocament de drets humans i de protecci\u00f3 a les dones i llurs fills i filles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les organitzacions assenyalen que les dotacions econ\u00f2miques per a implementar les mesures legals i de protecci\u00f3 s\u00f3n escasses. Tamb\u00e9 assenyalen una escassa inversi\u00f3 en formaci\u00f3 del funcionariat de les administracions p\u00fabliques en trata de persones. Un exemple molt clar el constitueixen els serveis de protecci\u00f3 a la inf\u00e0ncia i les valoracions de risc que es fan respecte dels fills i filles de les dones que estan en xarxes de trata -com mostren les experi\u00e8ncies de Mama Favour<\/em> i de Mama Prince<\/em>, recollides en l’informe-.<\/span><\/p>\n

La manca d’entesa de la trata com una forma de viol\u00e8ncia que provoca vulneracions de drets per part del personal d’aquests serveis fa que la seva acci\u00f3, adre\u00e7ada a la protecci\u00f3 dels fills i filles d’aquestes dones, reprodueixi, de vegades, les vulneracions de drets. <\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00f2 succeeix quan no es t\u00e9 en compte la situaci\u00f3 de les mares com a v\u00edctimes de trata en decidir separar-les dels seus fills o quan aquesta situaci\u00f3 es pren com un factor de risc per a les nenes, en lloc de protegir la unitat familiar. Aquests casos suposen un repte per al sistema de protecci\u00f3 a la inf\u00e0ncia, d’una banda, i per al sistema de protecci\u00f3 a les v\u00edctimes de trata, per un altre. “Tots dos sistemes han de coordinar-se i dialogar per garantir que les mesures de protecci\u00f3 que es dicten respecte d’aquests nens i nenes no vulneren els drets de les seves mares”, reclamen des de l’organitzaci\u00f3 Women ‘s Link.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Ampliar l’enfocament de drets i de protecci\u00f3 de les v\u00edctimes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Com a forma de pal\u00b7liar aquestes situacions, les organitzacions proposen ampliar l’enfocament de drets humans i de protecci\u00f3 de les v\u00edctimes.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Entenem que un enfocament de drets humans aplicat a la trata significa considerar totes les opcions de protecci\u00f3 existents en funci\u00f3 de les circumst\u00e0ncies de cada persona, sense considerar-la excloents entre si: acc\u00e9s al sistema de protecci\u00f3 per a v\u00edctimes de trata, per\u00edode de restabliment i reflexi\u00f3, acc\u00e9s al procediment d’asil, protecci\u00f3 com a v\u00edctima d’un delicte si decideix denunciar, protecci\u00f3 dels drets de la inf\u00e0ncia si \u00e9s menor d’edat, acc\u00e9s a un perm\u00eds de resid\u00e8ncia per raons humanit\u00e0ries si hi ha una situaci\u00f3 de vulnerabilitat i \/ o acc\u00e9s a un retorn voluntari segur al seu pa\u00eds, si ho desitja “.<\/p>\n

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\"tercera<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aix\u00ed mateix, un enfocament de drets humans en el treball en trata proporcionaria sistemes de protecci\u00f3 integrals que evitin que les v\u00edctimes hagin de compartimentar les seves experi\u00e8ncies per relacionar-se amb l’administraci\u00f3. Com a il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3, la manca d’enfocament de drets humans provoca que si la v\u00edctima \u00e9s dona, si \u00e9s menor d’edat, si \u00e9s ciutadana comunit\u00e0ria, si \u00e9s estrangera i no est\u00e0 documentada, si demana asil, si t\u00e9 fills hagi de dirigir-se a una instituci\u00f3 diferent per a cada circumst\u00e0ncia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les dones i les organitzacions socials han posat de manifest en tots els pa\u00efsos europeus objecte d’aquesta investigaci\u00f3 que la millora en l’acc\u00e9s a protecci\u00f3 i a drets situa les dones en posicions de m\u00e9s poder enfront de les xarxes de tr\u00e0fic i els proporciona eines per tenir cura millor de llurs fills i filles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 proposen treballar d’una forma transnacional entre els pa\u00efsos de la Uni\u00f3 Europea, que han d’establir mecanismes de coordinaci\u00f3 que vagin m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del control migratori, perqu\u00e8 les mares, nenes i adolescents v\u00edctimes de tracta puguin accedir a una protecci\u00f3 real i integrar-se en la societat europea.<\/span><\/p>\n

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