{"id":63804,"date":"2016-10-06T17:36:24","date_gmt":"2016-10-06T15:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/colombia-un-salt-al-buit-pero-les-dones-hi-eren\/"},"modified":"2016-10-06T17:36:24","modified_gmt":"2016-10-06T15:36:24","slug":"colombia-un-salt-al-buit-pero-les-dones-hi-eren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/colombia-un-salt-al-buit-pero-les-dones-hi-eren\/","title":{"rendered":"Col\u00f2mbia: Un salt al buit, per\u00f2 les dones hi eren"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Independentment dels resultats de diumenge passat, quan els colombians i colombianes deien “NO” al plebiscit, en contra dels acords de pau, entre el govern i les FARC, les dones hi han estat en tot el proc\u00e9s i en la posterior implementaci\u00f3 dels acords. Tamb\u00e9 cal dir, que hi havia moltes dones en contra de les negociacions.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span>Hist\u00f2ricament la nostra societat ha estat for\u00e7a masclista i excloent amb les dones, reclamar una participaci\u00f3 efectiva en la presa de decisions en un tema com el del conflicte armat, ha estat una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 dif\u00edcil de sortejar.<\/span><\/p>\n

En els inicis de les negociacions a l’agost del 2012, es plantejava que la participaci\u00f3 de les dones en el proc\u00e9s de di\u00e0leg i negociaci\u00f3, nom\u00e9s podria estudiar-se quan el Proc\u00e9s de Pau que es va avan\u00e7ar a l’Havana, estigu\u00e9s encarrilat, situaci\u00f3 que dificultava la inclusi\u00f3 d’una participaci\u00f3 activa i decis\u00f2ria, doncs les dones estaven absents i les seves demandes, invisibilitzades.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Sens dubte, les organitzacions de dones han estat un factor rellevant en la participaci\u00f3 del proc\u00e9s de pau. Elles van recon\u00e8ixer que una participaci\u00f3 activa era una oportunitat hist\u00f2rica per donar a con\u00e8ixer les dificultats estructurals que han afectat les dones al pa\u00eds al llarg de la seva hist\u00f2ria<\/span><\/p>\n

En nombroses ocasions, les organitzacions de dones van donar passos disposats per augmentar la seva participaci\u00f3, ja que les dones constitueixen el 50 per cent de les v\u00edctimes del conflicte, sense comptar que, en delictes com la viol\u00e8ncia sexual i el despla\u00e7ament for\u00e7at sobrepassen aquesta xifra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despr\u00e9s d’un any d’haver-se anunciat les negociacions, les dones seguien estant fora del proc\u00e9s, no estava prevista la seva contribuci\u00f3, \u00e9s per aix\u00f2, que a la Cimera Nacional de Dones i Pau a l’octubre del 2013 i en una multitudin\u00e0ria marxa convocada a Bogot\u00e0, a principis de novembre del 2013, les diferents plataformes vingudes de tots els racons del pa\u00eds, van unir esfor\u00e7os per fer causa comuna i van reclamar el seu reconeixement i veu. En una gesta plebiscit\u00e0ria per la pau, contra la viol\u00e8ncia cap a les dones, es va plantejar seriosament el tema de la seva participaci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

A finals de novembre de 2013, gr\u00e0cies a aquesta pressi\u00f3, la representaci\u00f3 de dones en el proc\u00e9s de pau es va fer efectiva. El govern nacional va nomenar a Maria Paulina Riveros<\/strong>, directora de DDHH del Ministeri de l’interior i Nig\u00e8ria Renteria<\/strong>, aquesta \u00faltima era llavors Alta consellera Presidencial per a l’Equitat de la Dona, com a integrants plenipotenciarias de l’equip negociador. Elles serien les encarregades d’elaborar les bases per a la inclusi\u00f3 de l’enfocament de g\u00e8nere en els acords de pau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquests nomenaments van representar el primer pas per donar compliment a la Resoluci\u00f3 1325 del Consell de Seguretat de Nacions Unides sobre dones, pau i seguretat. Col\u00f2mbia per primera vegada t\u00e9 dues dones a primera l\u00ednia de discussi\u00f3 i en la presa de decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Posteriorment al setembre del 2014, es crea una subcomissi\u00f3 de g\u00e8nere, conformada per Maria Paulina Riveros,<\/strong> representant del govern i, \u00a0per les FARC, la guerrillera Vict\u00f2ria Sanguino<\/strong>. Aquesta subcomissi\u00f3, creada per les parts, assegurava que tots els acords contenien disposicions de g\u00e8nere i una interlocuci\u00f3 directa amb dones de la societat civil i amb v\u00edctimes del conflicte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Han estat sobre la taula punts importants com la incorporaci\u00f3 de v\u00edctimes, la dona en l’economia camperola amb les mateixes oportunitats d’acc\u00e9s als cr\u00e8dits, les guerrilleres i la seva incorporaci\u00f3 a la societat civil.<\/span><\/p>\n

El 21 de setembre, es va celebrar a Bogot\u00e0, la II Cimera Dones i Pau, on m\u00e9s de 500 dones de tot el pa\u00eds i organitzacions de dones que viuen a l’exterior\u00a0 es van reunir per reflexionar sobre el seu rol en els post-acords i per donar garanties al sosteniment del postconflicte.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

El passat de les dones en diferents processos de Pau<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Remuntant una mica el passat, en alguns processos anteriors, les dones han estat presents en els processos de pau, m\u00e9s com a observadores, que com influ\u00e8ncia directa en la presa de decisions, casos com el de Vera Greve<\/strong>, figura important en l’organitzaci\u00f3 del M -19, el seu paper va ser bastant discret en els di\u00e0legs amb el govern; de la FARC la Comandant Mariana,<\/strong> va fer part de les audi\u00e8ncies del Cagu\u00e1n i Ana Teresa Bernal<\/strong> per part de la societat civil en les Audi\u00e8ncies del Caguan; Maria Ema Mej\u00eda<\/strong> representant del govern d’Andr\u00e9s Pastrana<\/strong> en els inicis dels di\u00e0legs del Cagu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

El Plebiscit<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aquest diumenge totes les expectatives per ratificar els acords de l’Havana en el proc\u00e9s de pau signat amb la guerrilla de les FARC, estaven posats en el plebiscit. La baixa votaci\u00f3 i l’abstencionisme ha fet que guany\u00e9s el “NO”, per una estreta majoria del 50.2% enfront d’un 49.7 que es va decantar pel “S\u00ed”.<\/span><\/p>\n

La impossibilitat d’inscriure noves c\u00e8dules, tant a l’exterior com al pa\u00eds, per una decisi\u00f3 del Consell Nacional Electoral i de la Registradur\u00eda de no obrir noves inscripcions, va permetre que l’abstenci\u00f3 fos un “handicap” decisori que deixa al Pa\u00eds en uns llimbs, ja que el llarg i dif\u00edcil proc\u00e9s de negociacions ha quedat relegat.<\/span><\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, el Govern de Santos<\/strong> ha dit que es continuar\u00e0 amb el proc\u00e9s i que la decisi\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica no afectaria l’estabilitat del pa\u00eds, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 que el cessament del foc seguir\u00e0 vigent nom\u00e9s fins el 31 d’octubre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despr\u00e9s del rebuig als acords de Pau del plebiscit, hi va haver una trobada entre Uribe,<\/strong> abanderat del No, i Santos,<\/strong> que va acabar sense cap acord.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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