{"id":62948,"date":"2016-03-03T14:07:42","date_gmt":"2016-03-03T13:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/examinant-els-efectes-de-la-r1325\/"},"modified":"2016-03-03T14:07:42","modified_gmt":"2016-03-03T13:07:42","slug":"examinant-els-efectes-de-la-r1325","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/examinant-els-efectes-de-la-r1325\/","title":{"rendered":"Examinant els efectes de la R.1325"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2015, va ser l’any que va marcar el 15 aniversari d’aprovaci\u00f3 de la Resoluci\u00f3 1325 (2000), que va n\u00e8ixer com una tasca imprescindible del Consell de Seguretat de Nacions Unides per mantenir la seguretat de totes les persones i la construcci\u00f3 d’una pau estable per a tota la comunitat internacional.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pero tamb\u00e9<\/span> com un reconeixement a la necessitat de vincular i protegir la pr\u00e0ctica de la utilitzaci\u00f3 de dones com a arma de guerra, en certs contextos, per tal d’assolir objectius militars i pol\u00edtics (aix\u00ed ho ha reconegut CSNU).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Basant-nos en aquestes premisses, la g\u00e8nesi i lectura de la Resoluci\u00f3, s’ha d’entendre com la protecci\u00f3 a civils, i a grups de persones en estat de vulnerabilitat. Els trets que la caracteritzen s\u00f3n pilars fonamentals de participaci\u00f3, protecci\u00f3, prevenci\u00f3, ajuda i reconstrucci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

La norma, exhorta els governs a incloure el dret de les dones a participar plenament en els processos de pau i democratitzaci\u00f3, vinculant les seves experi\u00e8ncies i aportant el coneixement que tenen en els conflictes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cal recon\u00e8ixer que la seva creaci\u00f3, es deu tamb\u00e9 en gran part, a la pressi\u00f3 dels moviments de dones que van sorgir despr\u00e9s de la postguerra. L’enfocament dels delictes de viol\u00e8ncia sexual, amb l’\u00edmpetu dels estereotips en els conflictes al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria, es troba intr\u00ednseca en l’expressi\u00f3 “el rep\u00f2s del guerrer”, i va motivar l’esclavitud sexual de les anomenades “confort Wifes”. Durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, les dones eren considerades com a bot\u00ed de guerra, i s’oferien als soldats de l’ex\u00e8rcit Japon\u00e8s, per la seva victori\u00f3s esfor\u00e7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, s\u00f3n d’obligatori compliment per als estats, que els acords de pau adoptin una perspectiva de g\u00e8nere, en la qual s’incloguin necessitats especials de dones i nenes durant la repatriaci\u00f3 i el retorn; tamb\u00e9 en l’agenda de la pau i la seguretat internacionals, i al fet que, posin fi a la impunitat i enjudici\u00efn els culpables per crims de lesa humanitat i crims de guerra, especialment els relacionats amb viol\u00e8ncia sexual<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s indubtable que amb la resoluci\u00f3 1325, el canvi ha estat significatiu en el panorama d’alguns pa\u00efsos i en la forma en qu\u00e8 la comunitat internacional pensa i actua davant de la seguretat en els processos de pau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara b\u00e9, analitzant la Resoluci\u00f3 des del punt de vista de la perspectiva de g\u00e8nere, en els delictes de naturalesa sexual, en la participaci\u00f3 activa de les dones en la presa de decisions dels processos de pau, conflicte i postconflicte, la intervenci\u00f3 de les dones continua sent una assignatura pendent, s’observa que la seva incorporaci\u00f3 \u00e9s m\u00ednima i lenta, i segueix depenent de la voluntat dels Estats membres que l’acullen, i de la naturalesa dels conflictes armats, b\u00e0sicament interns i no interestatals.<\/span><\/p>\n

A tall d’exemple podr\u00edem assenyalar molts dels casos que s’han donat en el m\u00f3n, per\u00f2 posarem sobre la taula el cas vigent de Col\u00f2mbia, no hi ha dones en primera l\u00ednia de negociaci\u00f3, se sap que hi ha dues dones per part del govern i una per part de la guerrilla, i que s’han incorporat alguns moviments de dones, per\u00f2 sense cap poder de decisi\u00f3. Pel que s’observa, s’ha avan\u00e7at molt poc pel que fa al nombre de dones participants, \u00e9s de tots conegut que la poblaci\u00f3 civil, particularment dones, nenes i nens, han patit tota classe de violacions, les dones han estat utilitzades com arma de guerra i han fet part del conflicte colombi\u00e0, des de fa m\u00e9s de 50 anys.<\/span><\/p>\n

Els estudis globals de revisi\u00f3 realitzats pel Consell de Seguretat de Nacions Unides, ple de relats hist\u00f2rics en diferents escenaris de guerra, el CS ha reconegut que hi ha grans defici\u00e8ncies, no nom\u00e9s en l’aplicaci\u00f3 de la resoluci\u00f3 1325, sin\u00f3 en les posteriors que han sortit per refor\u00e7ar-la, s’observa que en la participaci\u00f3 de les dones en les fases de prevenci\u00f3 de conflictes, resoluci\u00f3 i recuperaci\u00f3, es reflecteix molt poca participaci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00f2 demostra que en les guerres les dones, segueixen sent objecte de fustigacions i s’emporten la pitjor part dels efectes nocius del conflicte, no estan prou representades en els \u00e0mbits de prevenci\u00f3 dels mateixos, i en l’establiment i la consolidaci\u00f3 de la pau no hi ha dones amb suficient poder de decisi\u00f3 i empoderament, fet que es tradueix en que no hi hagin garanties per a les necessitats actuals, i el seu impacte real sobre el terreny t\u00e9 un llarg cam\u00ed per remuntar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gr\u00e0cies a aquest estudi, els Estats membres han renovat el comprom\u00eds de pal\u00b7liar les limitacions que han sorgit en l’aplicaci\u00f3 de la resoluci\u00f3, aquesta revisi\u00f3 de la 1325, va donar peu perqu\u00e8 s’aprovar\u00e0 la resoluci\u00f3 2242 (2015) de la qual ja hem parlat en articles anteriors, per\u00f2 dins dels objectius del mil\u00b7lenni en l’Agenda 2030, composta per 17 objectius, s’inclou com un tema pendent la igualtat de g\u00e8nere i l’apoderament de les dones (0DS 5).<\/span><\/p>\n

Col\u00b7lectivament en el pla internacional les resolucions que el Consell de Seguretat de Nacions Unides ha aprovat, s\u00f3n vuit, inclosa la Resoluci\u00f3 2242 d’octubre de 2015, com un marc per a l’aplicaci\u00f3 i el seguiment de l’agenda relativa a les dones, la pau i la seguretat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Resoluci\u00f3n 1325 (2000)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Resoluci\u00f3n 1820 (2008)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Resoluci\u00f3n 1888 (2009)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Resoluci\u00f3n 1889 (2009)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Resoluci\u00f3n 1960 (2010)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Resoluci\u00f3n 2106 (2013)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Resoluci\u00f3n 2122 (2013)<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Resoluci\u00f3n 2242 (2015)\u00a0 <\/span>http:\/\/www.un.org\/es\/comun\/docs\/?symbol=S\/RES\/2242(2015)<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s de quaranta pa\u00efsos, han desenvolupat un pla d’acci\u00f3 nacional per a la implementaci\u00f3 de la Resoluci\u00f3, d’altres estan en proc\u00e9s de fer-ho, i alguns ni tan sols saben que existeix!.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 2015, va ser l’any que va marcar el 15 aniversari d’aprovaci\u00f3 de la Resoluci\u00f3 1325 (2000), que va n\u00e8ixer com una tasca imprescindible del Consell de Seguretat de Nacions Unides per mantenir la seguretat de totes les persones i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":62945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26567],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pau-i-resolucio-de-conflictes"],"yoast_head":"\nExaminant els efectes de la R.1325 | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"2015, va ser l'any que va marcar el 15 aniversari d'aprovaci\u00f3 de la Resoluci\u00f3 1325 (2000)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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