{"id":62909,"date":"2016-02-29T21:10:49","date_gmt":"2016-02-29T20:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/penes-centenaries-per-crims-sexuals-a-guatemala\/"},"modified":"2016-02-29T21:10:49","modified_gmt":"2016-02-29T20:10:49","slug":"penes-centenaries-per-crims-sexuals-a-guatemala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/penes-centenaries-per-crims-sexuals-a-guatemala\/","title":{"rendered":"Penes centen\u00e0ries per crims sexuals a Guatemala"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

JazminBarrios. Foto_comunitariapress.blogspot.com<\/span><\/em><\/span> <\/p>\n

Les dones estan empenyent la Just\u00edcia a Guatemala. Primer va ser el judici per delictes de genocidi i de lesa humanitat contra el general Efra\u00edn R\u00edos Montt, que va poder realitzar-se despr\u00e9s de les reformes del sistema judicial impulsats per la primera dona fiscal general, Claudia Paz i Paz.<\/strong>
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Ara ha estat la jutgessa Yasm\u00edn Barrios, amb la sent\u00e8ncia exemplar contra 2 militars per crims sexuals perpetrats contra dones ind\u00edgenes com a arma de guerra.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquest \u00faltim tram de la lluita contra la impunitat, denunciat per 15 dones maies-keqch\u00ed, ha tingut condemnes innovadores i exemplars contra dos militars acusats de crims de lesa humanitat com fer servir la viol\u00e8ncia i l’esclavitud sexual i dom\u00e8stica com a arma de guerra. Per al coronel de l\u2019Ex\u00e8rcit <\/span>Esteelmer Francisco Reyes\u00a0Gir<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u00f3n <\/span><\/strong>de 59 anys, han estat 120 anys de pres\u00f3 i 240 anys per l\u2019ex Comissionat militar <\/span>Heriberto Valdez Azij<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s l’anomenat Cas Sepur Zarco<\/em>, nom de la comunitat on vivien les supervivents. El 1982, en plena guerra civil guatemalteca, els militars de l\u2019’Ex\u00e8rcit, llavors al comandament del general colpista Efra\u00edn R\u00edos Montt<\/strong>, van assassinar 15 homes, l\u00edders ind\u00edgenes del municipi de l’Estor en el departament atl\u00e0ntic d’Izabal, on estava la comunitat Sepur Zarco. Diverses dones, de l’\u00e8tnia keqch\u00ed, van ser violades davant dels seus fills i filles, els hi van robar les seves pertinences i els hi van cremar les cases.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pol\u00edtica militar de ‘Terra Arrasada’<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Era la pol\u00edtica de \u2018terra arrasada\u2019 utilitzada en els temps del dictador R\u00edos Montt. Per\u00f2 en aquest cas, a m\u00e9s, les van segrestar i se les van emportar al destacament de la base miltar on s’hi estaven els soldats i all\u00e0 les van fer les seves esclaves sexuals i dom\u00e8stiques per un per\u00edode que anava d’entre 6 mesos a 6 anys, segons els casos. Quinze supervivents dones i cinc homes s\u00f3n els que van iniciar el 2012 el proc\u00e9s per a la Just\u00edcia i Reparaci\u00f3, aconseguida ara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yasmin Barrios<\/span><\/strong> ha estat la presidenta del Tribunal i en llegir la sent\u00e8ncia va indicar que \u201cprimer van fer desapar\u00e8ixer als homes per deixar-les soles i abusar d’elles sexualment\u201d. Per\u00f2 va assenyalar tamb\u00e9 arguments socioecon\u00f2mics a aquesta sent\u00e8ncia, al arg\u00fcir que la repressi\u00f3 exercida per l’Ex\u00e8rcit tenia entre les seves causes que \u201cels pagesos volien legalitzar les seves terres\u201d, per\u00f2 els amos de les finques d’aquesta regi\u00f3 del nord el pa\u00eds no els ho permetien.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fins i tot l’Esgl\u00e9sia cat\u00f2lica es va atrevir a proclamar una ‘Pastoral de la Terra’<\/em> durant el conflicte a Guatemala. Despr\u00e9s, els militars tamb\u00e9 matarien a alguns dels dirigents eclesi\u00e0stics quan van donar dades dels assassinats i altres crims en les seves di\u00f2cesis, per a documentar les publicacions sobre la Veritat, la Just\u00edcia i la Reparaci\u00f3 que van comen\u00e7ar a recopilar-se amb la signatura de la Pau el 1996, despr\u00e9s de m\u00e9s de 3 d\u00e8cades de guerra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"www.dw.com\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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‘Delictes repugnants’, segons Rigoberta Mench\u00fa<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La vista p\u00fablica d’aquest judici, que va acabar el divendres 27 de febrer, ha durat quatre setmanes. Les v\u00edctimes es van tapar la cara durant la seva compareixen\u00e7a en p\u00fablic perqu\u00e8 no les poguessin estigmatitzar, per\u00f2 van narrar tots els horrors soferts. Amb veu entretallada, la premi Nobel de la Pau Rigoberta Mench\u00fa<\/strong> va declarar que s\u00f3n \u201cdelictes repugnants\u201d, mentre abra\u00e7ava a una de les ind\u00edgenes supervivents. La presidenta de la Coordinadora de les v\u00eddues de guerra (CONAVIGUA), Rosalina Tuyuc<\/strong>, tamb\u00e9 va estar present en el judici tot recolzant-les.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les dones supervivents, les seves fam\u00edlies i les seves comunitats han hagut de viure m\u00e9s de 30 anys els efectes de l’estigmatitzaci\u00f3, la marginaci\u00f3 i la pobresa, per\u00f2 el 2010 tres organitzacions: Dones transformant el M\u00f3n (MTM),<\/span>\u00a0la Uni\u00f3 Nacional de dones Guatemalenques (UNAMG) i l’equip d’Estudis Comunitaris i d’Acci\u00f3 Psicosocial (ECAP) van crear la ‘Alian\u00e7a Trencant el Silenci i la Impunitat’<\/em> per recolzar-les i perque elles poguessin accedir a la Just\u00edcia. La seva primera acci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica conjunta va ser organitzar ‘El Tribunal de Consci\u00e8ncia contra la Viol\u00e8ncia Sexual’.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al setembre de 2011, Dones transformant el M\u00f3n i la UNAMG van presentar la primera querella penal pels delictes ‘Contra els deures Humanitat i Genocidi’ del ‘Cas Sepur Zarco’<\/em>, nom que porta el proc\u00e9s penal. Aquest cas col\u00b7lectiu va ser impulsat per aquestes 15 dones supervivents de \u201cviol\u00e8ncia sexual, esclavitud dom\u00e8stica i esclavitud sexual en el destacament militar\u201d i 5 homes \u201cv\u00edctimes de tortura\u201d pels fets ocorreguts el 1982.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Claudia Paz y Paz_ foto\u00a0www.crisisgroup.org<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Dones juristes valentes i poderoses<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Precisament la jutgessa Yasm\u00edn Barrios<\/strong> va ser la que va estar el 2001 al capdavant del judici per l’assassinat del bisbe Juan Jos\u00e9 Gerardi<\/strong>, que havia elaborat l’impactant informe: \u2018Guatemala: Nunca M\u00e1s\u2019<\/em> on es responsabilitzava a l’Ex\u00e8rcit de m\u00e9s del 90% de les violacions contra els Drets Humans perpetrats contra la poblaci\u00f3 civil durant la guerra interna. Barrios tamb\u00e9 era una de les 3 persones integrants del Tribunal d’Alt Risc que el 2013 va dictar sent\u00e8ncia de pres\u00f3 de 80 anys contra el general R\u00edos Montt pels delictes de genocidi i crims de lesa humanitat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey<\/span><\/strong>, va ser la primera dona a Guatemala en ser Fiscal General i Cap del Ministeri P\u00fablic el 2010, c\u00e0rrec des del qual va aconseguir reduir la impunitat del 98 al 70% (fins a 2014) per\u00f2, sobretot, va utilitzar nous m\u00e8todes d’investigaci\u00f3 estrat\u00e8gica i atenci\u00f3 a les v\u00edctimes, especialment les dones.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per aquest treball al capdavant del Ministeri P\u00fablic va ser nominada per Premi Nobel de la Pau el 2013, alhora que el setmanari Newsweek<\/em> la va situar entre les 150 persones m\u00e9s valentes del m\u00f3n i, al seu torn, la revista Forbes<\/em> la va incloure en la llista de les dones m\u00e9s poderoses que estan canviant el m\u00f3n en Pol\u00edtica i Pol\u00edtiques P\u00fabliques. Va obtenir tamb\u00e9 el reconeixement Dean ‘s Award<\/em> del Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security<\/em> pels seus esfor\u00e7os en reformar el sistema de Just\u00edcia a Guatemala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Claudia Paz que va exercir les primeres pr\u00e0ctiques legals en el sector dels Drets Humans (DDHH) va assessorar tamb\u00e9 a l’Arquebisbat guatemalenc, precisament en aquells anys 90 previs al fi de la guerra, quan es va elaborar l’Informe de la Comisi\u00f3n del Esclarecimiento Hist\u00f3rico (CEI),<\/em> un altre dels enormes argumentaris de den\u00fancies sobre els crims comesos per l’Ex\u00e8rcit en el marc de la guerra civil.<\/span><\/p>\n

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JazminBarrios. Foto_comunitariapress.blogspot.com Les dones estan empenyent la Just\u00edcia a Guatemala. Primer va ser el judici per delictes de genocidi i de lesa humanitat contra el general Efra\u00edn R\u00edos Montt, que va poder realitzar-se despr\u00e9s de les reformes del sistema judicial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":31805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26593],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drets-de-les-dones"],"yoast_head":"\nPenes centen\u00e0ries per crims sexuals a Guatemala | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les dones estan empenyent la Just\u00edcia a Guatemala. 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