{"id":59915,"date":"2014-03-05T18:28:42","date_gmt":"2014-03-05T17:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\/"},"modified":"2014-03-05T18:28:42","modified_gmt":"2014-03-05T17:28:42","slug":"ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\/","title":{"rendered":"Ser dona del poble sahrau\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Qu\u00e8 coneixem de les dones que viuen als campaments sahrau\u00eds d&#8217;Alg\u00e8ria? I qu\u00e8 de la cultura del S\u00e0hara Occidental? Kabara Abderraman i Najla Mohamed Lamin ens van explicar el que significa ser dona en el S\u00e0hara.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">S\u00f3n joves i han heretat el que les seves mares han constru\u00eft. En una conversa amb<strong> La Independent<\/strong> ens expliquen que all\u00e0, al S\u00e0hara, fa 39 anys, les primeres persones que van arribar als campaments van ser les dones i no els homes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Les dones van organitzar la seva estructura en wilayas, <em>daires<\/em> i barris, que a dia d&#8217;avui \u00e9s un exemple a seguir en altres assentaments similars.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Kabara Abderraman<\/strong> va sortir del S\u00e0hara fa ja gaireb\u00e9 dues d\u00e8cades, quan era nena, i ha viscut des de llavors a l&#8217;Estat espanyol. El passat 2013 va decidir tornar al seu pa\u00eds. Per la seva banda, <strong>Najla Mohamed Lamin<\/strong> ha viscut gaireb\u00e9 tota la vida en els campaments i est\u00e0 esperant una beca que li permeti passar una temporada a l&#8217;estranger.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Es calcula que, des de 1975, s\u00f3n 100.000 les persones que viuen com refugiades sahrau\u00eds, en campaments que es troben al sud d&#8217;Alg\u00e8ria. Des d&#8217;aquest mateix any l&#8217;estat del S\u00e0hara Occidental es troba dividit entre els territoris ocupats pel Marroc i els territoris alliberats i governats pel Front Polisario.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Qui viu als territoris ocupats no pot anar als campaments, i viceversa. S&#8217;han denunciat repetides violacions dels Drets Humans en els territoris ocupats, fins avui. Mentrestant, durant els 39 anys que dura aquesta situaci\u00f3 els i les sahrau\u00eds esperen una resoluci\u00f3 del conflicte i les persones que viuen als campaments lluiten pac\u00edficament per la seva autodeterminaci\u00f3.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-29371\" style=\"margin: 9px auto; vertical-align: middle; display: block;\" src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui-1.jpg\" alt=\"mujer saharaui-1\" width=\"400\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui-1.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui-1-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 8pt;\">Dones de Wilaya de Smara, campaments sahrau\u00eds d&#8217;Alg\u00e8ria (F: Raquel Ferrando)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Caps del barri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Les dones s\u00f3n caps de barri. Aquesta \u00e9s una afirmaci\u00f3 que escoltem molt, per tant hem volgut aprofundir que hi ha al darrere.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Les dones decideixen moltes coses en els campaments del S\u00e0hara, el seu paper \u00e9s diferent al d&#8217;altres societats \u00e0rabs.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Preguntem a Kabara i Najla si \u00e9s cert que el paper de la dona al S\u00e0hara \u00e9s important fora de la fam\u00edlia i si creuen que les dones tenen un poder real. Totes dues estan d&#8217;acord que, si b\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que la seva cultura permet un espai de decisi\u00f3 a les dones, aquest poder \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 un comprom\u00eds que requereix temps i dedicaci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">A m\u00e9s de ser caps de barri han de fer totes les feines de la casa i pel que fa al treball, sempre se&#8217;ls pregunta com ho compaginen amb la llar.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">La lluita pel seu poble<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">A m\u00e9s, hi ha figures d&#8217;activistes pels drets humans com <strong>Sultana Jaya<\/strong>, encarregada de cooperaci\u00f3 internacional a la prov\u00edncia d&#8217;El Aaiun governada de facto pel Marroc. Ella \u00e9s coneguda per ser una antiga guerrillera del Front Polisario.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Seva \u00e9s la frase que diu que &#8220;qualsevol circumst\u00e0ncia \u00e9s secund\u00e0ria quan es tracta de l&#8217;alliberament del S\u00e0hara Occidental&#8221;.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00c9s ella, que ha criat els seus fills sola i \u00e9s una lluitadora infatigable, qui ens ve al cap quan pensem en la lluita per la llibertat del poble sahrau\u00ed. No obstant aix\u00f2, l&#8217;espai p\u00fablic \u00e9s un espai en totes les societats reservat gaireb\u00e9 exclusivament als homes i quan alguna dona s&#8217;hi integra ho ha de fer, quasib\u00e9 sempre, seguint valors patriarcals per ser acceptada.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">El vel, obligaci\u00f3 o opci\u00f3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">La dona sahrau\u00ed no est\u00e0 obligada a portar vel, ni a acceptar la prerrogativa isl\u00e0mica de la polig\u00e0mia. De fet no hi ha polig\u00e0mia en els campaments sahrau\u00eds. Tampoc hi ha tantes difer\u00e8ncies en el repartiment de l&#8217;espai a les cases com es poden veure al nord d&#8217;Alg\u00e8ria.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Per\u00f2, centrant-nos en la discussi\u00f3 sobre l&#8217;\u00fas del vel, tamb\u00e9 els preguntem a Najla i Kabara si creuen que l&#8217;\u00fas \u00e9s cultural o si hi ha pressi\u00f3 social. Les dones sahrau\u00eds no usen vel, sin\u00f3 una tela al voltant de tot el cos que es diu <em>melfa<\/em>.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Ambdues es treuen la <em>melfa<\/em> quan surten del S\u00e0hara. Kabara no utilitza cap tipus de vel quan est\u00e0 fora dels campaments i Najla es posa un mocador m\u00e9s senzill. La seva postura sobre aix\u00f2 \u00e9s clara: encara que no es pot saber b\u00e9 quantes dones fan servir la<em> melfa<\/em> perqu\u00e8 volen o b\u00e9 si totes ho fan per la pressi\u00f3 social latent, la difer\u00e8ncia entre l&#8217;obligaci\u00f3 i l&#8217;\u00fas cultural de la <em>melfa<\/em> rau en si ho fan de forma volunt\u00e0ria o no.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29372 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/260;margin: 9px auto; vertical-align: middle; display: block;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui-2.jpg\" alt=\"mujer saharaui-2\" width=\"400\" height=\"260\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui-2-300x195.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 8pt;\">A la Wilaya de l&#8217;Aaiun, campaments sahrau\u00eds d&#8217;Alg\u00e8ria (F. Raquel Ferrando)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Autodeterminaci\u00f3 i igualtat<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Tamb\u00e9 els hi vam preguntar si creuen que les dones que lluiten per l&#8217;autodeterminaci\u00f3 tant dins com fora de campaments s\u00f3n per a elles un exemple com a dones o com a sahrau\u00eds. Ens diuen que encara que aquestes no sempre tinguin clar el que significa la igualtat, el seu exemple permetr\u00e0 seguir avan\u00e7ant i demostrar\u00e0 que no importa si s&#8217;\u00e9s home o s&#8217;\u00e9s dona en la lluita.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Finalment, ens queda el dubte de saber qu\u00e8 passar\u00e0 si la resist\u00e8ncia sahrau\u00ed acaba i els homes no han d&#8217;ocupar-se ja de la guerra. \u00c9s en aquest moment quan les dones podrien ser despla\u00e7ades a un segon pla.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Najla \u00e9s positiva i considera que aix\u00f2 no passar\u00e0, que la dona sahrau\u00ed ser\u00e0 m\u00e9s forta perqu\u00e8 seguir\u00e0 lluitant.<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Kabara, per la seva banda, diu que no es perdr\u00e0 l&#8217;espai guanyat si no s&#8217;abandona. Per aix\u00f2 consideren important seguir reivindicant la seva condici\u00f3 de ciutadanes i no nom\u00e9s de membres d&#8217;una fam\u00edlia.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Dues opinions, les de dues dones que reflexionen sobre el seu futur i que tenen un gran comprom\u00eds amb la seva gent. S\u00f3n elles les que podran fer que es mantingui all\u00f3 que ja han aconseguit les persones m\u00e9s grans del seu poble. S\u00f3n elles les que ho faran sabent que potser han de trencar motlles, tal com ho fan altres dones de moltes cultures que sempre seran valorades de forma m\u00e9s negativa que un home en igualtat de condicions i comportaments. S\u00f3n elles les que ens fan pensar que els nostres problemes no s\u00f3n tan diferents, nom\u00e9s hem de treure&#8217;ns el nostre &#8220;vel occidental&#8221; per veure-ho.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms',geneva; font-size: 8pt;\">M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a title=\"Web Asociaci\u00f3n de Mujeres Saharauis en Espa\u00f1a\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mujeresaharauis.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associaci\u00f3 de Dones Sahrau\u00eds d&#8217;Espanya<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mujeressaharauisunms.blogspot.com.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uni\u00f3 Nacional de Dones Sahrau\u00eds als campaments del S\u00e0hara<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a title=\"Wikipedia Sahara Occidental\" href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sahara_Occidental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00e0hara Occidental<\/a> o RASD (Rep\u00fablica \u00c0rab Sahrau\u00ed Democr\u00e0tica)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a title=\"Wikipedia Frente Polisario\" href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frente_Polisario\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Front Polisario<\/a><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Qu\u00e8 coneixem de les dones que viuen als campaments sahrau\u00eds d&#8217;Alg\u00e8ria? I qu\u00e8 de la cultura del S\u00e0hara Occidental? Kabara Abderraman i Najla Mohamed Lamin ens van explicar el que significa ser dona en el S\u00e0hara.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":29370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26589],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drets-dels-pobles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ser dona del poble sahrau\u00ed | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e8 coneixem de les dones que viuen als campaments sahrau\u00eds d&#039;Alg\u00e8ria? I qu\u00e8 de la cultura del S\u00e0hara Occidental? 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Kabara Abderraman i Najla Mohamed Lamin ens van explicar el que significa ser dona en el S\u00e0hara.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"La Independent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-03-05T17:28:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/mujer_saharaui.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"562\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Drina Ergueta\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Drina Ergueta\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Drina Ergueta\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/927fe3812d088d7f272fec3d0cbe06bb\"},\"headline\":\"Ser dona del poble sahrau\u00ed\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-03-05T17:28:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1134,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/03\\\/mujer_saharaui.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Drets dels Pobles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ser dona del poble sahrau\u00ed | La Independent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/en\\\/ser-dona-del-poble-sahraui\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/laindependent.cat\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/03\\\/mujer_saharaui.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-03-05T17:28:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"Qu\u00e8 coneixem de les dones que viuen als campaments sahrau\u00eds d'Alg\u00e8ria? I qu\u00e8 de la cultura del S\u00e0hara Occidental? 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