{"id":58357,"date":"2013-02-28T14:01:40","date_gmt":"2013-02-28T13:01:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/mobils-mobile-world-congress-i-republica-democratica-del-congo\/"},"modified":"2013-02-28T14:01:40","modified_gmt":"2013-02-28T13:01:40","slug":"mobils-mobile-world-congress-i-republica-democratica-del-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/mobils-mobile-world-congress-i-republica-democratica-del-congo\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f2bils, Mobile World Congress i Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e0tica del Congo."},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00bf\u00c9s compatible ser directiu o <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">directiva d\u00b4una empresa tecnol\u00f2gica amb ser responsable i transparent?. Encara <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que la pregunta correcta hauria de ser si tenen principis, valors, \u00e8tica <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">sobretot fins a on s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d\u00b4arribar per obtenir diners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Des de la <strong>Xarxa d\u00b4Entitats <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>per la RD del Congo <\/strong>i <strong>Enginyeria Sense Fronteres <\/strong>s&#8217;insta a  les empreses fabricants a responsabilitzar-se <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">dels impactes que produeix l\u00b4<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">extracci\u00f3 de minerals i a introduir m\u00e9s <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">transpar\u00e8ncia i tra\u00e7abilitat en la cadena de subministraments per garantir que <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">els minerals utilitzats en la fabricaci\u00f3 dels m\u00f2bils, entre ells el coltan, no <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">procedeixen de l&#8217;explotaci\u00f3 il\u00b7legal en zones conflictives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Les ONG reiteren<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 d&#8217;esdeveniments com el<strong> MWC <\/strong>cal posar sobre la taula els impactes <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que tenen l&#8217;extracci\u00f3 de minerals usats en aparells electr\u00f2nics, aix\u00ed com la <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">necessitat d&#8217;incidir tant a nivell individual com col\u00b7lectiu en els canvis de <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">din\u00e0miques necessaris per revertir aquesta situaci\u00f3. Aix\u00ed mateix lamenten la <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">nul\u00b7la visibilitat que tenen aquests aspectes al Congr\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Les xifres del <strong>MWC<\/strong> s\u00f3n: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">70.000 congressistes de 200 pa\u00efsos, impacte econ\u00f2mic del congres de 301 milions<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">d\u00b4euros aproximadament, 25.000 habitacions d\u00b4hotel, ocupaci\u00f3 de 240.000 metres <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">quadrats a Montjuic, 1600 policies, 3200 periodistes. A m\u00e9s Barcelona es <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">converteix en aparador internacional, on vol ser tamb\u00e9 protagonista de l\u00b4onada <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">tecnol\u00f2gica. El contrapunt \u00e9s la ciutat de Bukavu estesa a la vora del llac <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Kivu, i segurament era una de les ciutats m\u00e9s belles del Congo.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">En l&#8217;actualitat <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">s&#8217;ha convertit en un lloc infecte d&#8217;edificis en ru\u00efnes, de carrers plens <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">d&#8217;escombraries, i superpoblat per culpa d&#8217;una massiva immigraci\u00f3 de camperols <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que s&#8217;han vist obligats a abandonar les seves llars per les interminables i sanguin\u00e0ries<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">guerres. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">A prop de Bukavu es troba una <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">vall on una part dels arbres han estat arrancats \u00a0d\u00b4arrel a for\u00e7a de dinamita. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">La immensa majoria de la gent que hi viu s\u00f3n joves, gaireb\u00e9 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">infants, que sovint s&#8217;introdueixen de <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">quatre grapes per estretes i perilloses esquerdes tallades en els talussos de <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">les llomes, on corren el risc de quedar soterrats per un sobtat despreniment de <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">terra. Joves coberts de pols i fang, fam\u00e8lics i amb els ulls enrogits, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">assemblen retrats extrets d\u00b4un veritable camp de concentraci\u00f3 nazi amb l\u00b4\u00fanica \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva;\">difer\u00e8ncia que el que busquen s\u00f3n petites pedres que continguin coltan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">De color blau met\u00e0l\u00b7lic, el <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u201ccoltan\u201d \u00e9s una paraula formada per l&#8217;abreviatura de columbita-tantalita, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">valuos\u00edssim mineral del que s&#8217;extreu el tantalio, un component que presenta una <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">gran resist\u00e8ncia a la calor aix\u00ed com extraordin\u00e0ries propietats el\u00e8ctriques. En <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">l&#8217;actualitat, el principal productor de coltan \u00e9s Austr\u00e0lia, per\u00f2 si b\u00e9 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">existeixen reserves privades o en explotaci\u00f3 a Brasil i Tail\u00e0ndia. La Rep\u00fablica <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Democr\u00e0tica del Congo posseeix prop del 80% de les reserves mundials <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">benvolgudes. El coltan \u00e9s un mineral imprescindible per a la fabricaci\u00f3 d&#8217;elements <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">d&#8217;alta tecnologia, \u00e9s imprescindible per a tel\u00e8fons m\u00f2bils, reproductors de\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">DVD, consoles de videojocs, ordinadors personals, estacions espacials, naus <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">tripulades que es llancen a l&#8217;espai i armes teledirigides; un \u201cor gris\u201d que <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">podria portar prosperitat als congolesos. No obstant aix\u00f2, guerrilles locals i <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">empreses multinacionals han comen\u00e7at a disputar-se la seva explotaci\u00f3 sense <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">importar-los el cost hum\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Segons informes d&#8217;ag\u00e8ncies <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">internacionals, l&#8217;exportaci\u00f3 de coltan ha finan\u00e7at a diversos b\u00e0ndols de la Segona\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Guerra del Congo, un conflicte amb un balan\u00e7 de m\u00e9s de quatre milions de morts. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Rwanda i Uganda exporten coltan robat al Congo a diversos pa\u00efsos. La <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">columbita i, sobretot, el tantalio estan considerats metalls altament <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">estrat\u00e8gics. Per aix\u00f2 s&#8217;ent\u00e9n que existeixi en el Congo una guerra des de 1998. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">No fa falta tenir molts coneixements de dret internacional per saber que la <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">seva ocupaci\u00f3 atenta a la sobirania del pa\u00eds i que t\u00e9 \u00fanicament la finalitat <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">d&#8217;aniquilar als seus ciutadans i explotar els seus recursos minerals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">La guerra del coltan tamb\u00e9 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">ha portat violacions massives de dones i nenes provocant un cop devastador que<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">afecta f\u00edsica i psicol\u00f2gicament a nombroses comunitats del Congo. Les <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">violacions massives de dones com a arma de guerra tenen un cost econ\u00f2mic molt <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">baix, i segons un informe presentat per l&#8217;OCHA m\u00e9s de 5.400 dones han estat violades <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">de mitja per any des de l\u00b4inici de la guerra, el document afegeix que aquesta<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">xifra correspon nom\u00e9s als casos denunciats, es dedueix doncs que altres cents <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">de casos similars han ocorregut,  convertint <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">al Congo en el pa\u00eds amb el major \u00edndex de delictes sexuals del m\u00f3n. D\u00b4acord amb l&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">OCHA, el 90% de les violacions s\u00f3n comeses per grups armats, ja siguin forces <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">regulars o desmobilitzades. Les v\u00edctimes mai s\u00f3n atacades en solitari, \u00e9s a dir <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">sempre estan acompanyades d\u00b4altres v\u00edctimes i desenes de testimonis, degut a<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que en general aquests delictes es cometen en les pr\u00f2pies comunitats i en <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">total impunitat. S\u00f3n conegudes les violacions que es van cometre en el 2012 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">durant un cap de setmana, on m\u00e9s de 250 dones van ser violades a nom\u00e9s 10 km d\u2019un <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">destacament de soldats de les NU.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Segons Nacions Unides, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit Patri\u00f2tic Ruand\u00e8s ha \u00a0organitzat una estructura per supervisar l&#8217;activitat<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">minera al Congo i facilitar els contactes amb els empresaris i clients <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">occidentals. Trasllada en camions el mineral a Rwanda on \u00e9s tractat abans de <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">ser exportat. Els \u00faltims destinataris s\u00f3n Estats Units, Alemanya, Holanda, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">B\u00e8lgica i Kazakhstan. La Societat Minera dels Grans Llacs t\u00e9 el monopoli en el <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">sector i finan\u00e7a el moviment rebel Reagrupaci\u00f3 Congolesa per a la Democr\u00e0cia, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que compta amb uns 40.000 soldats, recolzats per Rwanda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Enginyeria sense Fronteres <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">t\u00e9 en marxa la campanya \u201cEl preu de l&#8217;abund\u00e0ncia, drets humans a les fosques\u201d,<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">que vol impulsar un nou paradigma de desenvolupament hum\u00e0 en qu\u00e8 el criteri <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">econ\u00f2mic deixi de ser rellevant i quedi subordinat a conceptes com la just\u00edcia <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">ambiental, el respecte als drets humans o la transformaci\u00f3 social. Pret\u00e9n <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">denunciar els severs impactes associats <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">a les ind\u00fastries extractives, que solen ser invisibilitzats, especialment al <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Sud i les violacions de drets humans sobre poblacions aut\u00f2ctones i ind\u00edgenes,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">aix\u00ed com la impunitat de les empreses amb la qual eludeixen constantment les <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">seves responsabilitats en mat\u00e8ria de medi ambient i drets humans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Amb motiu de la celebraci\u00f3 a Barcelona de la sisena <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">edici\u00f3 del <strong>Congr\u00e9s Mundial dels M\u00f2bils <\/strong>(MWC), <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Enginyeria Sense Fronteres i la Xarxa d&#8217;Entitats per la RD del Congo <\/strong>es <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">mobilitzar\u00e0n per exigir <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">responsabilitats a les empreses de <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">telefonia m\u00f2bil. L&#8217;objectiu de la mobilitzaci\u00f3 \u00e9s aprofitar el fet que <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Barcelona es converteix en la capital mundial del m\u00f2bil per visibilitzar al MWC <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">l\u00b4impacte de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">l\u00b4extracci\u00f3 de minerals arreu del m\u00f3n i la manca de transpar\u00e8ncia <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">en l\u2019explotaci\u00f3 dels recursos naturals a zones en conflicte, com per exemple a <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">la RD del Congo i el seu paper decisiu en la perpetuaci\u00f3 de la guerra i el <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">finan\u00e7ament de grups armats.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>La Xarxa d&#8217;entitats per la RD del Congo <\/strong>demana als governs <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">espanyol, catal\u00e0 i a la UE que estableixin un marc regulatori com el que ja <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">existeix als EUA (Dodd-Frank Act) pel qual les empreses certifiquin que no utilitzin <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">minerals provinents de zones conflictives en la fabricaci\u00f3 de ginys electr\u00f2nics <\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">i m\u00f2bils.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bf\u00c9s compatible ser directiu o directiva d\u00b4una empresa tecnol\u00f2gica amb ser responsable i transparent?. Encara que la pregunta correcta hauria de ser si tenen principis, valors, \u00e8tica sobretot fins a on s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d\u00b4arribar per obtenir diners. Des de la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":28408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26569],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cooperacio"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u00f2bils, Mobile World Congress i Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e0tica del Congo. | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La guerra al Congo. Mobile World Congress\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/mobils-mobile-world-congress-i-republica-democratica-del-congo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00f2bils, Mobile World Congress i Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e0tica del Congo. | La Independent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La guerra al Congo. 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