{"id":58346,"date":"2013-02-27T19:52:50","date_gmt":"2013-02-27T18:52:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/guatemala-la-qroyaq-del-cafe-impacta-a-les-dones\/"},"modified":"2013-02-27T19:52:50","modified_gmt":"2013-02-27T18:52:50","slug":"guatemala-la-qroyaq-del-cafe-impacta-a-les-dones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/guatemala-la-qroyaq-del-cafe-impacta-a-les-dones\/","title":{"rendered":"Guatemala: La “roya” del caf\u00e8 impacta a les dones"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Guatemala \u00e9s el cinqu\u00e8 pa\u00eds productor de caf\u00e8 a nivell mundial i les mans de les seves dones s\u00f3n vitals en l’assoliment d’aquesta posici\u00f3, per\u00f2, la malaltia silenciosa, anomenada “roya”, s’ha apoderat de les plantacions del gra en un 65 per cent de les finques productores, fet gens encoratjador per a les guatemalenques que subsisteixen del gra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fotografia laestrella.com.pa<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Lorena Calvo<\/strong>, presidenta de la Convenci\u00f3n Alianza Internacional de Mujeres en Caf\u00e8, alerta sobre els estralls de la Roya en un pa\u00eds on l’ economia es basa, principalment, en el cultiu del gra, per ser el m\u00e9s important de la naci\u00f3 i el de major exportaci\u00f3, el que genera ocupaci\u00f3 per a la poblaci\u00f3 en 20 dels 22 departaments de la naci\u00f3, principalment per les dones maies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Lorena_Calvo_siglo21.com.get\" Lorena Calvo. Fotografia de siglo21.com.get<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Com \u00e9s de delicada i greu la invasi\u00f3 de la Roya al caf\u00e8 de Guatemala?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Summament delicada perqu\u00e8 afecta a milers i milers de persones que viuen d’aquest cultiu. No nom\u00e9s als propietaris de terra que conreen caf\u00e8, sin\u00f3 a milers de persones que s\u00f3n emprades en el tall i en la producci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

El petit cafeter es veur\u00e0 afectat, si m\u00e9s no, en els pr\u00f2xims tres anys, ja que una producci\u00f3 malalta baixa els rendiments i, per poder rescatar-la, s’ha de podar i esperar tres anys a que torni a produir.<\/span><\/p>\n

D’altra banda, els caficultors mitjans i grans, que donen ocupaci\u00f3, hauran de baixar la producci\u00f3 i, per tant, es reduir\u00e0 el nombre de persones a qui se’ls d\u00f3na treball a les finques.<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Quantes guatemalenques estan involucrades en el proc\u00e9s cafeter?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Entre 70 i 80 per cent de la m\u00e0 d’obra en el tall de caf\u00e8 s\u00f3n dones i, per tant, les seves fam\u00edlies tamb\u00e9 patiran la crisi. Estan immerses en el sembrat, manteniment, collita, beneficis i aspectes relacionats amb l’exportaci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Quin \u00e9s el perfil de la dona immersa en el proc\u00e9s de la producci\u00f3 cafetalera?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Varia, ja que va des de la dona analfabeta que treballa en el camp fins a les dones v\u00eddues, soles o professionals que han hagut de prendre les regnes de les seves propietats heretades o que els hi van deixar els marits i fer-les produir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existeixen tamb\u00e9 les dones que treballen exportant caf\u00e8 o en les cafeteries. Hi ha de tot perqu\u00e8 elles s\u00f3n una baula en la cadena productiva.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

En quina fase del proc\u00e9s cafeter hi ha m\u00e9s dones treballant?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi s\u00f3n en totes les baules de producci\u00f3 de caf\u00e8, per\u00f2 el problema \u00e9s que passen inadvertides o s\u00f3n invisibles per optar posicions a nivell m\u00e9s alt en el m\u00f3n del caf\u00e8. Per\u00f2, definitivament, en el camp \u00e9s on m\u00e9s dones participen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elles busquen obtenir un ingr\u00e9s que els permeti educar els seus fills, aix\u00ed com treballar en un lloc on se senten orgulloses d’aportar al seu pa\u00eds.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 li genera a la guatemalenca treballar en aquest proc\u00e9s?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Definitivament, ingressos i moltes vegades nom\u00e9s diners, perqu\u00e8 el que passa \u00e9s que quan nosaltres volem\u00a0 capacitar-les a les finques, se’ns fa dif\u00edcil, ja que moltes encara s\u00f3n analfabetes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 significa per a les dones aquesta crisi que va iniciar l’any passat i ara s’agudit<\/strong>za?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ser\u00e0 molt fort perqu\u00e8 el 70 per cent dels talladors s\u00f3n dones i la majoria de les finques no podr\u00e0 pagar ni contractar el mateix nombre que en ocasions anteriors.<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Tinc ent\u00e8s que hi ha aproximadament 3.000 unitats de producci\u00f3 de caf\u00e8 a Guatemala que s\u00f3n administrades per dones, quins efectes tindr\u00e0 en la vida econ\u00f2mica de les guatemalenques?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nom\u00e9s fem comptes, aqu\u00ed a Guatemala es paga per quintar treballat o tallat, uns 10 d\u00f2lars. Aquests diners li serveixen a la dona per viure sis mesos a l’any, el tall \u00e9s la part gran quan migren.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 els espera llavors amb la Roya?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Crisi. Per\u00f2 la Roya podria portar a les guatemalenques almenys tres anys de “vaques magres” i, amb aix\u00f2 desnutrici\u00f3, viol\u00e8ncia i vandalisme.<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Quins espais guanyats a pols podrien perdre les dones si la crisi cafetalera continua?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Com a tothom, l’exportaci\u00f3, els mercats guanyats per ser un caf\u00e8 produ\u00eft per mans de dones i la seva independ\u00e8ncia econ\u00f2mica.<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Quins problemes sortegen les dones rurals que participen del proc\u00e9s de producci\u00f3 cafetalera?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Els problemes que afronten les dones rurals en el m\u00f3n del caf\u00e8 s\u00f3n els mateixos que un home. No obstant aix\u00f2, ells poden rebre capacitaci\u00f3 o els seus pares els ensenyen a utilitzar el cultiu, per\u00f2 quan a una dona li toca fer-se c\u00e0rrec d’una finca, cal tenir en compte que no va ser capacitada de nena o ning\u00fa li va ensenyar com fer-ho. Ella haur\u00e0 de buscar qui l’assessori i aprendre d’adulta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Com estan afrontant la crisi cafetalera l’Associaci\u00f3 Nacional del Caf\u00e8 (ANACAFE) i les dones?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La crisi del caf\u00e8 significa el mateix per a homes i dones. No hi ha difer\u00e8ncia. El m\u00e9s delicat no \u00e9s combatre la Roya, sin\u00f3 \u00e9s que ANACAFE i el Govern entenguin que el que es necessita \u00e9s una estrat\u00e8gia per rescatar la caficultura guatemalenca, que est\u00e0 precisament en crisi per tenir cafetars vells.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s a dir, necessitem suport per renovar els cafetars, ja que si avui afecta la Roya, dem\u00e0 pot ser una plaga o una altra cosa.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Guatemala \u00e9s el cinqu\u00e8 pa\u00eds productor de caf\u00e8 a nivell mundial i les mans de les seves dones s\u00f3n vitals en l’assoliment d’aquesta posici\u00f3, per\u00f2, la malaltia silenciosa, anomenada “roya”, s’ha apoderat de les plantacions del gra en un 65 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":28398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medi-ambient"],"yoast_head":"\nGuatemala: La "roya" del caf\u00e8 impacta a les dones | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0Guatemala \u00e9s el cinqu\u00e8 pa\u00eds productor de caf\u00e8 a nivell mundial i les mans de les seves dones s\u00f3n vitals en l'assoliment d'aquesta posici\u00f3, per\u00f2, la\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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