{"id":56276,"date":"2012-02-09T14:56:58","date_gmt":"2012-02-09T13:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/dones-a-afganistan-qafganistan-una-decada-perdudaq\/"},"modified":"2012-02-09T14:56:58","modified_gmt":"2012-02-09T13:56:58","slug":"dones-a-afganistan-qafganistan-una-decada-perdudaq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/dones-a-afganistan-qafganistan-una-decada-perdudaq\/","title":{"rendered":"Dones a Afganistan. “Afganistan, una d\u00e8cada perduda”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

Georgette Gagnon<\/strong>, Directora de l\u00b4United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan UNAMA Human Rights, va assenyalar en una roda de premsa, dissabte passat 4 de febrer: “la UNAMA ha documentat 3.021 morts de civils el 2011 un increment del vuit per cent davant el any 2010. El 2011 va ser el cinqu\u00e8 any consecutiu en el qu\u00e8 hem documentat un augment de morts i ferits civils. 11.864 civils han mort en aquest conflicte els \u00faltims cinc anys des de 2007.”<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

L’\u00a0Estat Espanyol, esta present a Afganistan amb el seu exercit des\u00a0que va signar un acord al 2001 en el que va autoritzar a les seves unitats\u00a0militars a participar en la For\u00e7a Internacional d”assist\u00e8ncia per a la Seguretat ISAF (sigles en angl\u00e9s). Aix\u00ed,\u00a0des de el gener de 2002 participa amb 1068 efectius i 98\u00a0soldats morts, segon dades del Ministeri de Defensa del Govern Espanyol.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En aquest context, sembla que la situaci\u00f3 de les dones en aquest pa\u00eds no ha canviat molt. La dona a Afganistan en alguns casos \u00e9s una mercadaria i com a tal s’intercanvia com si fos un objecte. Els drets que\u00a0tenen les dones\u00a0son molt limitats, encara que la Constituci\u00f3 Pol\u00edtica tingui inclosa algunes normes que sembla que les\u00a0 protegeixin. Moltes d\u00b4aquestes normes encara no es compleixen. A m\u00e9s, les dones pateixen maltractaments per\u00a0part dels seus marits i no\u00a0tenen possibilitat per defensar-se, perqu\u00e8 no existeixen programes integrals per la seva protecci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un exemple d\u00b4aquesta situaci\u00f3 la va viure Bibi Aisha<\/b>, la van castigar amb la mutilaci\u00f3 del seu nas i les orelles. A les regions rurals quan hi ha conflictes a les fam\u00edlies, una manera de resoldre’ls es regalant una filla a la fam\u00edlia que s’ ha sentit ofesa, i aquest fou el cas de Bibi<\/b> que va ser obligada a casar-se a les 16 any, va rebre maltractaments i va ser castigada per intentar fugir. Aquest \u00e9s\u00a0un cas que va ser molt conegut en ser dif\u00f3s pels grans mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3, sobretot\u00a0per un retrat\u00a0fotografic de la Bibi Aisha<\/b> fet per\u00a0Jodie Bieber, <\/b>la qual\u00a0en va immortalitzar el seu patiment i va rebre per aquesta fotografia el premi 2010 del World Press Photo.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Durant l’\u00e8poca de la monarquia les dones tenien te\u00f2ricament els mateixos drets que els homes, l’educaci\u00f3 era obligat\u00f2ria per a tothom i, fins i tot, des del Govern es van fer campanyes contra el fet que les dones portessin el vel isl\u00e0mic. Despr\u00e9s, per\u00f2, amb l’ocupaci\u00f3 sovi\u00e8tica (1979-1989) i, posteriorment, amb la dominaci\u00f3 dels jehadis (1989-1996) i els talibans (1996-2001), la dona va esdevenir arma de guerra, sense cap mena de dret, ni tan sols els m\u00e9s fonamentals. Amb la caiguda del r\u00e8gim talib\u00e0 l’any 2001, la situaci\u00f3 de les dones a l’Afganistan ha millorat, si b\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que nom\u00e9s lleugerament” diu l’informe “Afganistan, Just\u00edcia, Pau i Drets de les Dones”, de decembre de 2010, redactat per la periodista\u00a0catalana M\u00f2nica Bernab\u00e9<\/b>,\u00a0 i publicat\u00a0per l’Associaci\u00f3 per als Drets Humans a l’Afganistan (ASDHA).<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f3nica Bernab\u00e9, <\/b>que viu des de fa cinc anya a Kabul, \u00e9s\u00a0periodista free lance i alhora presidenta d’ASDHA, associaci\u00f3 que defensa els drets de les dones afganeses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Bernab\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>va participar el 31 de gener al Caixa Forum de Barcelona, en una conferencia amb el t\u00edtol, “Afganistan, una d\u00e8cada perduda”, junt al\u00a0periodista Gervasio S\u00e1nchez<\/b>. M\u00f2nica Bernab\u00e9<\/b> va emfatitzar que: “el problema de les dones a l’Afganistan no es el Burka. El Burka \u00e9s en el seu origen una pe\u00e7a de les dones de classe alta per no tenir contacte, ni relacionar-se amb les dones de la classe baixa, despr\u00e9s els talibans la van imposar com a pe\u00e7a obligat\u00f2ria per les dones i aix\u00ed es\u00a0van convertir en un s\u00edmbol de la represi\u00f3 contra les dones a l’Afganistan. <\/span>\u00c8s tamb\u00e9 un problema de tradicions i de costums que com a tals no es poden d’un\u00a0dia per l’altre.”<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Matrimonis for\u00e7ats<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A l’Afganistan les dones no tenen cap dret, els homes siguin el\u00a0marit, el\u00a0pare o el\u00a0germ\u00e0 decideixen sobre la seva vida. En la majoria de matrimonis les dones estan\u00a0casades per for\u00e7a.\u00a0Bernab\u00e9 assenyal\u00e0 :”\u00c9s una tradici\u00f3 que l’home pagui una dot per la dona amb la qual es vol casar. La dot es una gran quantitat de diners que pot ser entre 2000 i 3000 euros, en\u00a0un pa\u00eds on el sou d’un funcionari es de 60euros. <\/span>Quan l`home es casa considera que la dona \u00e9s de la seva propietat, ha pagat per ella.”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“A la tradici\u00f3 afganesa, les dones s\u00f3n diposit\u00e0ries de l’honor de la fam\u00edlia, que es mesura amb <\/span>la seva castedat. Per protegir aquesta honra, s’evita que surtin de la casa, intentant que la <\/span>seva vida es redueixi a l’\u00e0mbit dom\u00e8stic i, sobretot, que no tinguin relaci\u00f3 amb persones <\/span>de l’altre sexe. La virginitat de les dones abans del matrimoni \u00e9s crucial. De fet, si mantenen <\/span>relacions sexuals sense estar casades es considera que cometen adulteri, cosa que es castiga amb penes de pres\u00f3” , diu l’\u00a0informe Afganistan, Just\u00edcia, Pau i Drets de les Dones”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquest informe tamb\u00e9 assenyala que <\/span>la Comissi\u00f3 Independent de Drets Humans de l’Afganistan denunciava l’any 2004 que el 38 per cent <\/span>de les dones asseguraven que s’havien casat en contra de la seva voluntat; aix\u00ed mateix, el <\/span>50 per cent declaraven que no estaven contentes amb la seva vida familiar.\u00a0 I, segons dades d’UNIFEM corresponents a l’any 2008, entre el 70 i el 80 per cent de les dones de l’Afganistan s\u00f3n for<\/span>\u00e7ades a casar-se amb alg\u00fa que la seva fam\u00edlia els ha escollit. De fet, els matrimonis for\u00e7ats es <\/span>consideren la principal ra\u00f3 de la violaci\u00f3 dels drets de les dones a l’Afganistan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mortalitat materna<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A l’Afganistan, tal i com va exposar Bernab\u00e9, \u00a0<\/b>no existeix planificaci\u00f3 familiar, moltes dones parixen el seus filles i fills a casa seva. Aix\u00f2 influeix en la salud de les mares. L’Informe Mundial del Mares de 2011 de la Fundaci\u00f3 Save the Children situa a l’Afganistan al darrer lloc, \u00e9s a dir\u00a0com el pitjor pa\u00eds per ser mare: <\/span>\u201cUna dona\u00a0noruega\u00a0rep una mitjana de 18\u00a0anys d’educaci\u00f3 formal i\u00a0viur\u00e0\u00a0aproximadament fins els\u00a083 anys,\u00a0el 82 per cent utilitza\u00a0m\u00e8todes anticonceptius\u00a0moderns\u00a0i\u00a0nom\u00e9s una de cada\u00a0175\u00a0perdr\u00e0\u00a0a un fill\u00a0o filla\u00a0abans<\/span>
dels cinc\u00a0anys.\u00a0En contraposici\u00f3, una dona\u00a0afganesa\u00a0rep menys\u00a0de cinc anys\u00a0d’educaci\u00f3 formal,\u00a0i no\u00a0viur\u00e0<\/span>
m\u00e9s\u00a0de 45 anys.\u00a0Menys\u00a0del 16 per cent usen anticonceptius\u00a0i\u00a0una de cada cinc criaturess\u00a0perd\u00a0la vida abans\u00a0de complir <\/span>cinc anys.\u00a0Amb aquesta\u00a0xifra,\u00a0totes les mares\u00a0de l’Afganistan\u00a0tenen una elevada probabilitat\u00a0de patir la\u00a0p\u00e8rdua d’almenys un dels seus\u00a0fills\u00a0o filles al llarg\u00a0de la seva vida.\u00a0“<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Georgette Gagnon, Directora de l\u00b4United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan UNAMA Human Rights, va assenyalar en una roda de premsa, dissabte passat 4 de febrer: “la UNAMA ha documentat 3.021 morts de civils el 2011 un increment del vuit per […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":27510,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26593],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drets-de-les-dones"],"yoast_head":"\nDones a Afganistan. 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