{"id":56112,"date":"2012-01-19T16:50:16","date_gmt":"2012-01-19T15:50:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/esther-morales-i-la-migracio-a-bolivia-els-penelopes-son-els-homes\/"},"modified":"2012-01-19T16:50:16","modified_gmt":"2012-01-19T15:50:16","slug":"esther-morales-i-la-migracio-a-bolivia-els-penelopes-son-els-homes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laindependent.cat\/en\/esther-morales-i-la-migracio-a-bolivia-els-penelopes-son-els-homes\/","title":{"rendered":"Esther Morales i la migraci\u00f3: \u201cA Bol\u00edvia els Pen\u00e8lopes s\u00f3n els homes\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><b>Mestressa d&#8217;una botiga a la ciutat d&#8217;Oruro, implicada en la participaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica de les dones i germana del president bolivi\u00e0 Evo Morales, de visita a Barcelona, crida a les dones a organitzar-se, defensar el seus drets i\u00a0<\/b><\/span><b style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">buscar la igualtat.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">A la <b>Casa Am\u00e8rica Catalunya<\/b> es fa una exposici\u00f3 fotogr\u00e0fica anomenada \u201c<b>Pen\u00e8lopes<\/b>\u201d que mostra imatges de dones mexicanes que esperen als seus marits emigrats als Estats Units. En aquest espai, <b>Esther Morales<\/b>, germana del president bolivi\u00e0, va resumir de manera clara, simple i precisa la realitat del seu pa\u00eds en relaci\u00f3 a la migraci\u00f3: \u201cA Bol\u00edvia, els Pen\u00e8lopes s\u00f3n els homes\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Contr\u00e0riament a altres pa\u00efsos, a Bol\u00edvia las dones van ser les primeres en emigrar, principalment a l&#8217;Estat espanyol als darrers cinc anys, per reagrupar despr\u00e9s a la seva fam\u00edlia; no obstant aix\u00f2, degut a la crisi econ\u00f2mica, s\u00f3n elles mateixes les que se s\u2019han quedat una altre vegada soles a Europa perqu\u00e8 el marit ha hagut de tornar al seu pa\u00eds. Actualment la poblaci\u00f3 boliviana a l&#8217;Estat espanyol \u00e9s de 200 mil persones i el 60% s\u00f3n dones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u201cA Bol\u00edvia \u00e9s al rev\u00e9s, s\u00f3n els homes els que es queden amb la mainada. La dona envia diners, per\u00f2 l&#8217;home \u00e9s m\u00e9s d\u00e8bil i hi ha molts nens y noies abandonades\u201d, va dir<strong> Morales <\/strong>en la mesa de reflexi\u00f3 organitzada per la Casa Am\u00e8rica Catalunya, on amb la seva personalitat aut\u00e8ntica i espont\u00e0nia es va guanyar al p\u00fablic present.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Al igual que <strong>Evo Morales<\/strong>, <strong>Esther<\/strong> va n\u00e0ixer a Orinoca, un petit poble del Altipl\u00e0 bolivi\u00e0, al bellmig de moltes car\u00e8ncies. \u00a0La seva llengua maaterna \u00e9s l\u2019aimara i ella reivindica els seus or\u00edgens. La van presentar como la \u201cPrimera Dama\u201d, per\u00f2 ella afirma que no \u00e9s tal, que \u00e9s la germana m\u00e9s gran i assegura no haver canviat ni els seus costums ni la serva forma de ser, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s que diu que en assumir <strong>Evo<\/strong> la Presid\u00e8ncia a ella tampoc li van disminuir les preocupacions, per contra, li van augmentar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Explicant la seva experi\u00e8ncia en las organitzacions socials, <strong>Morales<\/strong> va fer \u00e8mfasi en la necessitat que les dones s\u2019organitzin per defensar els seus drets i buscar la igualtat, tant vers els homes com en la seva situaci\u00f3 d\u2019immigrants a un pa\u00eds estranger.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u201cLes dones som les que m\u00e9s patim, siguem professionals o no. L\u2019home treballa i despr\u00e9s descansa, nosaltres tenim la c\u00e0rrega de la feina i de la llar, &#8230;\u00e9s doble feina!. Les que van emigrar han de fer, encara, m\u00e9s esfor\u00e7 per enviar diners\u201d, va dir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">La majoria de les dones immigrants a l&#8217;Estat espanyol treballa en el servei dom\u00e8stic, generalment sense contracte ni cap seguretat.\u00a0 Les remeses enviades a Bol\u00edvia representen una contribuci\u00f3 molt important a l\u2019economia del pa\u00eds, per\u00f2, al mateix temps, el treball realitzat per la immigraci\u00f3 \u00e9s una alta contribuci\u00f3 a l\u2019economia espanyola, va dir la ambaixadora boliviana <b>Mar\u00eda del Carmen Almendras,<\/b> tamb\u00e9 present a la mesa de reflexi\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Morales<\/strong> va reiterar la necessitat que les dones s&#8217;organitzin i es comuniquin per arribar a la igualtat. Va defensar fidelment las mesures assumides per <strong>Evo Morales<\/strong> i va subratllar els progressos fets a fi que les dones participin en la presa de decisions: las quotes del 50% als poders Executiu i Legislatiu per a les dones, la designaci\u00f3 de dones a les presid\u00e8ncies de las c\u00e0meres de Senadors i Diputats, la presid\u00e8ncia d\u2019un dels m\u00e0xims tribunals del poder Judicial per a una dona ind\u00edgena, entre altres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Va admetre tamb\u00e9 que manca molt per fer, que \u201cencara hi ha molt de masclisme\u201d a Bol\u00edvia i que per aix\u00f2 es necessari que les dones treballen unides.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Las feministes bolivianes s\u00f3n molt cr\u00edtiques amb l\u2019actual govern per la mancan\u00e7a de pol\u00edtiques m\u00e9s s\u00f2lides i efectives en favor de la igualtat i, a m\u00e9s, per la constant utilitzaci\u00f3 del cos de la dona com objecte com una realitat normalitzada.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">L&#8217;Observatorio de Derechos Humanos fa poc va informar que, a Bol\u00edvia, de cada 10 casos de viol\u00e8ncia set s\u00f3n contra la dona, que el 61% dels casos de viol\u00e8ncia masclista es registra en l&#8217;\u00e0mbit intrafamiliar i que el 2011 es van registrar 400 morts de dones per aquesta viol\u00e8ncia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva; font-size: 10pt;\">Bol\u00edvia, estat plurinacional, t\u00e9 1,09 milions de kil\u00f2metres quadrats, el doble que l&#8217;Estat espanyol, i 10 milions d\u2019habitants. <strong>Almendras<\/strong> va dir que Bol\u00edvia no ha deixat de ser pobre, per\u00f2 en els \u00faltims cinc anys, quan l\u2019Estat ha incrementat la seva participaci\u00f3 en l&#8217; economia del 6% al 36%, el seu creixement econ\u00f2mic promig ha estat del 4,8% i es preveu que enguany aquest indicatiu econ\u00f2mic es mantindr\u00e0. L&#8217; ingr\u00e9s per c\u00e0pita s&#8217;ha duplicat i el govern afirma que s&#8217;ha eliminat l\u2019analfabetisme, entre altres progressos.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Mestressa d&#8217;una botiga a la ciutat d&#8217;Oruro, implicada en la participaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica de les dones i germana del president bolivi\u00e0 Evo Morales, de visita a Barcelona, crida a les dones a organitzar-se, defensar el seus drets i\u00a0buscar la igualtat. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":27456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-migracions-migracions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Esther Morales i la migraci\u00f3: \u201cA Bol\u00edvia els Pen\u00e8lopes s\u00f3n els homes\u201d | La Independent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0 Mestressa d&#039;una botiga a la ciutat d&#039;Oruro, implicada en la participaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica de les dones i germana del president bolivi\u00e0 Evo Morales, de visita a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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